In the era of big data,data rights confirmation has become an important strength to promote data circulation and market development,ensure data revenue,and achieve data security.Based on complex information environment and from the perspective of data value chain,this paper explores the mechanism of data rights confirmation.Based on the previous research results of value chain and data value chain,this study constructs a value chain model involving the development of the whole life cycle of data,such as data acquisition,data processing,data analysis,and data application.Then,with reference to the"Effect-Mechanism-Analyzing-Mechanism"(EMAM)management research methodology,the data right confirmation mechanism was constructed,and a variety of subjects,objects and rights bundles involved in data right confirmation were sorted out,so as to provide a reference for the establishment of the basic system of data rights confirmation.Finally,relevant recommendations were put forward,including the establishment of a classification and grading standard system,safeguarding the security of data rights trading,improving the data rights system,optimising the ecology of the data factor market,innovating data rights management tools,and deepening the application of blockchain and other technologies.
Disruptive technologies have the potential to reshape the future landscape of both technology and markets.This paper aims to propose an automated algorithm for identifying disruptive technologies based on big data analysis,which can support the identification of disruptive technologies in technology assessment.The algorithm utilizes information such as the citation network structure of technology publications,temporal features,cross-disciplinary impact,and technological timeliness to design four dimensions of indicators for identifying disruptive technologies,and adopts the entropy weighting method for result fusion.Empirical research was conducted in the fields of computer science and wireless communication.The results demonstrate that the MRA-DT algorithm is a reliable tool that can provide decision-making support for technology intelligence analysts and related managers in technology innovation,which is of significant importance for companies to seize technological high ground,and for countries to enhance their technological and defense capabilities.
Scientific data is the basis of scientific research.It can not only produce direct or indirect economic benefits,but also produce application value in social governance,government decision-making,public services,etc.Taking scientific data as a special asset for management and operation can further tap the utilization value of scientific data.Under the background of data elements,this paper will start from the theoretical basis of the connotation and characteristics of scientific data assets,sort out their characteristics different from other types of data assets,build a scientific data asset management framework,draw a scientific data asset management path,in order to quickly promote the transformation of scientific data from resources to assets,and better play the social and economic value of scientific data in scientific research,production and life.
A sound R&D management system is the"soft power"of independent innovation for enterprises,and is an important way to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation.Based on expert evaluation data from 121 Jiangsu enterprises,this article systematically analyzes the characteristics of the R&D management system construction of enterprises with national,provincial,municipal and lower level R&D institutions;Research has shown that there are significant differences in the construction of R&D systems among enterprises with R&D institutions at different levels,but the completeness of R&D management system construction does not depend on the level of the enterprises;Enterprises with R&D institutions at different levels need to strengthen and improve their research and development strategies,processes,management planning,knowledge and information management,R&D planning,R&D reviews,and performance evaluations.At the same time,this article also proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the government and enterprises to accelerate the construction of R&D management system.
Scientific research institutions are an important part of the nation's strategic scientific and technical strength.In the context of achieving high-level scientific and technical self-reliance and self-improvement,improve the talent evaluation and incentive system of scientific research institutions in conjunction with national mission is an important part of organizational reformation,which is of great significance to stimulate the innovation vitality of scientific and technological talents and ensure the realization of national science and technology strategy..Based on the theories related to evaluation and incentives,combined with the evaluation and incentive models of typical international scientific research institutions,the study analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of the evaluation and incentive system of scientific research institutions in China,and provides policy suggestions for improving the talent evaluation and incentive system of national mission-oriented scientific research institutions.
Quantum information technology is a new frontier science that combines modern quantum physics and information science.It breaks through the physical limits of traditional information technology and is expected to bring revolutionary changes in the future.With the rapid development of quantum technology,talents in the field of quantum information technology become more and more important,especially high-level basic research talents.Fully understanding the talent situation in the global quantum information technology field is of great significance for grasping the future technology and industry development trend,and formulating corresponding strategic planning and support policies.The purpose of this paper is to explore the distributed feature of high-level talents in the field of quantum information technology,use the global list of"highly cited scientists"and the paper data in the field of quantum information technology,analyze the distribution and research theme of talents,sort out the laws and characteristics of research results,and put forward opinions and suggestions on policies for quantum information technology talents.
In view of the problems of empiricism and passivization in novelty search in supporting decision-making and industrial innovation,the concept of index retrieval is introduced into the existing novelty search process,so as to provide some references for the transformation and upgrading of novelty search.Focusing on the difference between index retrieval and traditional novelty search,this paper sorts out and clarifies the connotation and characteristics of index retrieval.Through the collection and organization of underlying data,this paper establishes a complete service chain of"resource-information-knowledge-intelligence",and constructs a new novelty search service model based on index retrieval,including demand perception layer,novelty search resource layer,method and tool layer,product and service layer.On this basis,a service mode of novelty search based on index retrieval has been constructed,and the transformation of novelty search driven by experience to accurate and active also has been realized.
In this paper,Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Plan Special Funds(key R&D plan industry perspective and key core technology)project as an example,this article analyzed the acceptance data since the 13th five-year plan from the different aspects,such as the application year,the region,the industry field,the nature of the application unit,and the situation of the undertaking enterprises.This article explores the characteristics of accepting projects.And based on the present situation of science and technology management of key R&D programs in Jiangsu province,this article puts forward some suggestions for improving science and technology innovation work in Jiangsu province.
This paper takes some types of science and technology plan projects in Jilin Province as examples,carries out theoretical exploration and empirical evaluation research on the diversified evaluation system of provincial science and technology projects based on WBS(Work Breakdown Structure).The paper discusses the construction method,the evaluation method,the evaluating indicator,etc.and then takes the empirical project as the research object,explores the applicability of the evaluation system,the objectivity of the evaluation method,the shortcomings of the system at the present stage and the application of the evaluation results.
In order to analyze the situation of Beijing international science and technology cooperation in the new era,this report studies the new situation and new demand of international science and technology cooperation,sorts out the current status and progress of the distribution and composition,cooperation fields,cooperation modes and partners of 365 international science and technology cooperation subjects in Beijing,and obtains the current characteristics of Beijing international science and technology.Based on the characteristics of the current status and combined with the investigation,this report summarizes the problems of Beijing's international science and technology cooperation in the aspects of statistics and monitoring,quality of levels,international influence,construction of talent team,the epidemic,etc.It puts forward suggestions on key tasks,improving participation,promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and strengthening the construction of talent teams.
Based on the Strategic Niche Management model(SNM),this study identifies the subject and object of policy perception,corresponds the endogenous process of technological evolution and the policy content in the SNM,derives the dimensions of policy perception,and constructs the policy perception mechanism.Taking AI policy as an example,the perspective of policy perception subject for decision-making researchers is selected for empirical analysis,and it is found that the policy perception dimensions of science and technology research and development,and infrastructure construction appear more frequently in the policy perception of AI technology,indicating that the development of China's AI technology is currently in the stage of the transition of the technological ecological niche to the market ecological niche,which requires the introduction of more policy support for artificial intelligence technology towards the market.
The optimization of agricultural science and technology(S&T)resource allocation can promote the high-quality development of agriculture.The super-efficiency DEA model,entropy method,relative development model and coupling coordination model were used to study the coupling and coordination of agricultural S&T resource allocation efficiency system and agricultural high-quality development system in 30 provinces(municipalities and districts)from 2010 to 2019.The results show that,the coupling and coordination degree of agricultural S&T resource allocation efficiency and high-quality agricultural development is on the rise,and the two systems are in a low-level running-in state due to the lag of high-quality agricultural development.The coupling and coordination degree of the two systems between regions basically shows the characteristics of eastern>western>northeast>central.Beijing,Shanghai,Fujian and other places have taken the lead in entering the stage of low-coordinated development of the two systems,Beijing and Shanghai are expected to take the lead in achieving the goal of high coordination between the two systems.To this end,countermeasures and suggestions such as strengthening the construction of the entire agricultural industry chain and guiding the flow of agricultural S&T resources to areas where the high-quality development of agriculture lags behind.
完善科学数据共享和管理体系是提升国家创新体系整体效能的重要任务之一.在调研并梳理当前我国科学数据中心建设现状的基础上,分析我国科学数据中心内部运行机制,从组织管理、资源支撑、数据规范、数据安全、数据共享、产权标示、交流合作 7 个方面提炼出我国科学数据中心运行的基本框架,为今后我国布局科学数据中心、推动其持续运行发展提供启示与借鉴.
基于新发展理念和高质量发展理论,运用主成分分析法、耦合协调度模型、障碍度模型分析高等教育人才培养和经济高质量发展之间的耦合协调关系及其障碍因素,并运用莫兰指数剖析二者耦合协调度的区域空间格局.研究发现:(1)2011-2020 年,我国各省市高等教育人才培养与经济高质量发展耦合协调度不断优化,东中西部地区间存在较大差距,但差距在不断缩小;(2)创新发展、开放发展、培养质量是阻碍高等教育人才培育与经济高质量发展耦合协调的前 3 个一级指标,在二级指标中,第三产业占比、高校教学、科研仪器设备资产、每万人专利申请数、技术市场成交额、外商投资企业投资总额是前 5 个障碍因子,且障碍因子存在区域差异,东部、中部、西部地区的首要障碍因子各不相同;(3)高等教育人才培养与经济高质量发展的耦合协调度存在空间正相关关系,东部地区各省市耦合协调度的集聚形式主要为高—高集聚,西部地区各省市主要为低—低集聚.研究结果可为不同地区明晰自身耦合状况、实施差异发展策略促进新格局形成提供有益的决策参考依据.
半导体产业作为现代工业的心脏和灵魂,一直是大国科技博弈的主战场.2019 年,日本就芯片制造的相关原材料对韩国实施了出口管制,给韩国半导体产业"致命"一击,但最终被韩国有效破解.本文基于科技风险管理视角,构建韩国破解半导体产业"卡脖子"事件的分析框架,梳理分析韩国成功应对的策略体系,总结出韩国突破封锁的创新模式和四大特征,并借鉴韩国的实践经验,对我国化解核心技术"卡脖子"风险提出启示与建议.
梳理我国科技情报服务相关研究主题,全面了解其研究现状,揭示研究热点和未来发展方向.在文献调研的基础上,对我国科技情报服务研究的 226 篇样本文献进行内容分析,归纳出服务对象需求、服务主体发展、服务模式创新、服务平台建设、服务能力保障以及服务体系构建 6 类主题,据此构建主题之间的整合框架,并回顾各主题的具体研究内容,进而提出未来研究方向.分析研究显示:我国科技情报服务研究不断取得进展,服务导向从满足需求逐步转向决策支撑;情报机构资源优势不断弱化,而智库化建设为其提供了协同发展的新契机;信息技术不断革新服务模式,优化系统平台,逐步形成完善的服务体系,并对服务能力的构建提出新的要求.鉴于此提出建议:未来研究可进行需求的拓展,关注资源整合与服务协同的应用效能,从情报智慧服务理论出发,注重关键技术和框架体系的研究,创新科技情报服务模式,并不断完善服务体系,加速推进我国高水平、高质量的高端交流平台落地应用.
关键短语抽取是一种识别目标文本中具有特殊价值的关键词组合的自然语言处理任务场景,对科技文献情报挖掘具有重要的实践价值.由于缺少足够的标注数据、知识库、预训练模型,针对前沿细分学科颠覆性内容的关键短语抽取还存在着许多挑战.将有限状态自动机概念引入关键短语抽取任务中,把关键短语的词性标注组合模式抽象为一系列有限状态自动机文法.这种基于词性自动机的无监督关键短语提取算法,能够在不依赖标注数据和高性能计算设备的条件下,通过高度自定义的词性组合模式,抽取不定长度的细分领域关键短语.这种算法具备运行速度快、环境依赖低、匹配模式多、提取效果好等特点.使用SemEval-2017 数据集和智能新药发现领域的文献摘要作为测试数据,将研究所提出的算法和几种广泛应用的关键短语抽取算法进行对比.对比结果显示:这种算法在所有关键词中的准确率达到 30.8%,召回率达到 34.1%,F1 值达到 32.4%;在关键短语中的准确率达到 30.8%,召回率达到 52.0%,F1值达到38.7%.召回率指标与F1指标相比关键词抽取开源算法库有显著提升.
科技档案、科技报告和科学数据作为科技计划项目的重要信息资源产出急需加强协同管理.结合相关理论,构建科技档案、科技报告和科学数据协同管理的分析框架,并基于此框架从政策、组织等层面展开分析,总结山东省在资源协同管理方面的优势和问题,针对协同目标构建、制度建设等提出对策建议.
为促进陕西省科技成果转化的发展,以陕西省 2008-2020 年出台的 36 项科技成果转化政策为样本,采用Nvivo分析工具和模糊集定性比较分析法,系统分析影响陕西省科技成果转化的政策条件及其组态效应,提出相应的政策建议.研究结果表明:(1)影响陕西省科技成果转化的政策工具有 8 个.(2)政策工具组态效应表明:一种政策工具难以决定科技成果转化效果;财政金融支持政策工具在提高科技成果转化效果上发挥关键作用;财政金融支持政策工具和科技创新政策工具一般搭配使用.建议未来制定陕西省科技成果转化政策应重视财政金融支持政策工具的使用,注重政策工具组合使用,重视强化人才培养和政策实施保障政策工具使用的针对性和有效性.
在科技创新引领产业升级的时代,科技信息机构同政府、企业、大学及研究机构的关系日益密切.为了解网络空间中科技信息机构同三螺旋创新系统的关系,更好地提升网络信息服务,在对我国 30 家省级科技信息机构网站的内容及网络链接进行分析的基础上,利用可视化方法展示这些机构同三螺旋创新系统的关系.研究发现,虽然科技信息机构同政产学的关系日趋多元化,但科技信息机构的角色仍相对传统,同政府机构的联系最为紧密,企业中联系最多的是信息服务商,通过地区间比较揭示出科技信息所间的差异性受地缘关系影响.在此基础上,讨论科技信息机构向智库转型、提供面向市场的科技中介服务、促进协同创新和技术转移的潜在机会,提出推进三螺旋协同创新的网络信息服务策略.
