Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a group of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with epstein-barr virus infection. Asparaginase-based chemoradiotherapy regimens are not effective in advanced patients. In recent years, anti-programmed-death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed-death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has developed rapidly, which can effectively improve the prognosis of ENKTCL patients. But some patients with ENKTCL still have low response rate. This article reviews the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy and other immune targets in ENKTCL recently to change the traditional treatment mode of ENKTCL through the combination of different targeted drugs.
CD99 gene encodes a transmembrane protein and participates in cell differentiation, adhesion, migration and protein transport. The expression of CD99 is generally low in most normal tissues and cells, and CD99 is differentially expressed in bone marrow and the surface of lymphatic hematopoietic cells. This article reviews the research progress of CD99 in hematological diseases, explores the role of CD99 in myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia, and the significance of CD99 as a therapeutic target for hematological malignancies.
目的:探讨具有滤泡辅助T细胞（TFH）表型的淋巴结外周T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法:回顾分析威海市立医院2021年10月收治的1例具有TFH表型的淋巴结外周T细胞淋巴瘤患者临床资料，并进行相关文献复习。结果:患者经淋巴结活组织检查病理诊断为具有TFH表型的淋巴结外周T细胞淋巴瘤，前期给予7个疗程CHOPE方案治疗，行PET-CT检查未获得完全缓解，后改为程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）抑制剂及西达本胺联合GEMOX方案治疗4个疗程，再次行PET-CT评效达完全缓解。继以西达本胺维持治疗，监测病情持续稳定。结论:具有TFH表型的淋巴结外周T细胞淋巴瘤患者采用PD-1抑制剂及西达本胺联合化疗可取得良好疗效。
As a rare and heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, most of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are highly aggressive and usually do not respond well to chemotherapy. The research found that the disorder of canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of some subtypes of PTCL. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and differentiation of T-lymphocytes and tumorigenesis. In recent years, exploring the relationship between canonical Wnt signaling pathway and the development of PTCL is expected to provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of PTCL.
目的:探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后腺病毒脑炎的诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2020年11月湖北医药学院附属人民医院收治的1例allo-HSCT后继发腺病毒脑炎患者的临床资料，并结合文献复习。结果:患者，女性，49岁，诊断为T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤。给予单倍体造血干细胞移植后出现不明原因的低热、精神症状。脑脊液病原微生物二代基因测序检查发现有腺病毒感染的证据，在排除其他相关疾病后诊断腺病毒脑炎。给予更昔洛韦和膦甲酸钠抗病毒、丙种球蛋白冲击治疗后效果差。结论:腺病毒脑炎是allo-HSCT后中枢神经系统的一种严重并发症，临床表现缺乏特异性，若患者allo-HSCT后出现发热伴精神症状，经抗感染治疗无效需考虑合并腺病毒脑炎可能。一旦怀疑腺病毒脑炎应尽早行脑脊液腺病毒聚合酶链反应或病原微生物二代测序等明确腺病毒感染的证据，并尽早使用西多福韦或Brincidofovir、腺病毒特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞来改善患者的预后。
Objective:To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25 (OH) D3] level with T cell subsets in multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The clinical data of 11 newly diagnosed MM patients hospitalized in Heze Municipal Hospital and the First People's Hospital of Jining from June 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and 8 healthy people were selected as the healthy control group. The patients achieved disease remission after 4 courses of BD (bortezomib + dexamethasone) regimen. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure the peripheral blood 25-(OH) D3 level in MM patients at initial diagnosis and after 4 courses of treatment, as well as people in the healthy control group. The proportion of peripheral blood helper T cell (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in CD3 + CD8 + T cells was measured by using flow cytometry. IgA, IgG, IgM, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) levels were analyzed by using fully automatic biochemical analyser. Cytoanalyze was used to detect the hemoglobin level in the peripheral blood. The differences of all indicators in MM patients at initial diagnosis, remission after treatment and the healthy control group were compared. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation of the peripheral blood 25-(OH) D3 level with T cell subsets and other biochemical indicators in MM patients at initial diagnosis and remission after treatment. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the peripheral blood 25-(OH) D3 level, Th1-to-Th2 ratio (Th1/Th2), the proportion of Treg cells were all decreased (all P < 0.01), and Th17-to-Treg cells ratio (Th17/Treg) was increased ( P = 0.002). The proportion of Th17 and Th17/Treg in MM patients achieving remission after treatment was higher than that in the healthy control group (all P < 0.05); the proportion of Treg cells in MM patients achieving remission after treatment was lower than that in the healthy control group ( P = 0.010); 25-(OH) D3 level in MM patients achieving remission after treatment was lower than that in the healthy control group, while the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.060). The peripheral blood IgM in MM patients at initial diagnosis and those achieving remission after treatment was lower than that in the healthy control group (all P < 0.01); the levels of LDH and β 2-MG in MM patients at initial diagnosis and those achieving remission after treatment was higher than that in the healthy control group (all P < 0.05). The peripheral blood 25-(OH) D3 level in MM patients at initial diagnosis was positively correlated with the proportion of Th1, Th1/Th2 ( r values 0.89, 0.60, all P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the proportion of Th17 and Th17/Treg ( r values -0.61, -0.75, all P < 0.05). After treatment, there was no correlation of the proportion of Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg with peripheral blood 25- (OH) D3 level for patients achieving remission ( r values were -0.36, -0.45, -0.10, 0.10, 0.19, 0.03, all P > 0.05). IgM, LDH, β 2-MG was negatively correlated with 25- (OH) D3 level in the peripheral blood of MM patients at initial diagnosis ( r values were -0.76, -0.71, -0.62, all P < 0.05); while there was no correlation of 25-(OH) D3 level with IgA, IgG, IgM, LDH, β 2-MG, hemoglobin for patients achieving remission after treatment ( r values were -0.36, 0.19, -0.09, 0.47, 0.47, -0.11, all P > 0.05). Conclusions:MM patients show the decreased peripheral blood 25-(OH) D3 level, the increased Th17 and the decreased Treg cells; 25-(OH) D3 level is related to the imbalance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg, which suggests that 25-(OH) D3 may be related to the development, progression, prognosis and abnormal immune responses in the body of MM.
目的:探讨淋巴结边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤（NMZL）的组织病理学及其影像学特征。方法:回顾性分析2022年3月厦门医学院附属海沧医院1例NMZL患者的临床资料，对其磁共振成像（MRI）影像特征和组织病理学结果进行分析，并复习相关文献。结果:患者，男性，86岁。因右颈部一肿物行MRI平扫加增强扫描示：右侧腮腺、右侧胸锁乳突肌内侧缘，右侧颈动脉鞘周围及颈后间隙见多发不规则团块状异常信号影，病灶与邻近结构组织分界不清，对比增强病灶均匀明显强化，增强动态曲线为速升缓降型，诊断考虑为淋巴瘤。淋巴结穿刺病理可见肿瘤组织弥漫片状排列，细胞小，核大小相对一致，胞质空泡样，浸润横纹肌。免疫组织化学：CD20、CD79a、bcl-2阳性，CD2少量细胞阳性，CD23、CD21FDC网阳性，λ部分阳性，CD3、CK-P、CD43、CD10、CyclinD1、κ阴性，Ki-67阳性指数5%，综合诊断为NMZL，病变侵犯横纹肌。结论:NMZL临床表现和实验室检查无特异性，病理表现为富含单核样B细胞，中等大小，核圆或稍凹陷，胞质中等、透明或淡染，常呈滤泡旁和窦性分布；MRI影像学表现有一定特征性，诊断颈部病变时要考虑到NMZL的可能，但确诊仍依赖于组织病理检验及免疫组织化学。
目的:提高对惰性T淋巴母细胞增生（iT-LBP）伴重症肌无力（MG）的认识。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月长治医学院附属和平医院收治的1例iT-LBP伴MG患者的临床资料，结合相关文献对其病理特征、免疫表型、临床表现及诊治情况进行分析。结果:患者为50岁女性。因颈部淋巴结肿大行病理活组织检查，提示滤泡间区明显扩大且伴有明显血管增生，见弥漫小到中等大小的淋巴细胞和核分裂象；免疫组织化学：增生母细胞呈TDT、CD3、CD5、CD4、CD8、CD43、BCL-2、CD10均阳性，Ki-67阳性指数>90%，CD34、CD117、CD20、CD79α、BCL-6、CyclinD1、PD-1、CXCL-13、CK均阴性，EBER原位杂交呈阴性。基因检测显示无克隆性T细胞受体（TCR）基因重排，综合诊断为iT-LBP。后因头晕、双眼睑下垂1周伴吞咽障碍，抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体检测阳性，结合影像学检查排除胸腺瘤诊断为MG。后对症治疗，并服用地塞米松、他克莫司，随访截至2023年3月，患者情况良好，肌无力症状消失，颈部淋巴结未见明显异常。结论:iT-LBP与T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤相似，TDT阳性淋巴母细胞呈弥漫、片状分布，但正常淋巴结结构保存，不同程度表达T细胞标志物，不表达CD34、CD99、CD117、B细胞及滤泡辅助T细胞标志物；Ki-67高表达；EBER原位杂交阴性；TCR基因检测呈非克隆性。临床呈惰性过程，无侵袭扩散表现，化疗无效。
目的:探讨肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤的病因、临床特点、诊治及预后。方法:回顾性分析兴化市人民医院2021年9月收治的1例肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果:患者为24岁男性，因巩膜黄染、尿黄入院，血常规提示红细胞、白细胞、血小板计数减少，网织红细胞增多，根据骨髓活组织检查和脾脏切除术后病理及免疫组织化学检查，诊断为肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤，予4次化疗后行异基因造血干细胞移植，至截稿前口服西达苯胺维持治疗，病情稳定。结论:肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤罕见，好发青年男性，过度抗原刺激和长期使用免疫抑制剂与该病的发生相关，常浸润肝脏、脾脏，引起肝脾大，而淋巴结肿大少见，同时浸润骨髓，引起血细胞减少，常伴有胆红素和血清乳酸脱氢酶升高，具有高度侵袭性，一般需要综合治疗，中位生存期短。
目的:探讨伴间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）表达的经典霍奇金淋巴瘤（cHL）和间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）的临床诊断、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的1例以噬血细胞综合征（HPS）为首发表现伴ALK表达的cHL转变为ALCL患者的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果:患者，10岁，男性，以HPS为首发表现，疾病呈进展状态，分别取背部、腋窝、颈部肿物及淋巴结进行病理相关检查，综合诊断为cHL和ALK + ALCL。按标准方案化疗，并联合自体造血干细胞移植，反应良好。 结论:cHL可表达ALK并向ALCL转变，两者在疾病诊断时存在一定的相似性，鉴别难度较大，需要临床医生更加精准地判断。
Ivosidenib is an oral, potent, targeted small-molecule inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which has been approved by the United States for mutant IDH1 newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cholangiocarcinoma or in combination with azacitidine for treatment of mutant IDH1 newly diagnosed AML. In China, ivosidenib was approved for adult patients with mutant IDH1 relapsed/refractory AML in February 2022. In addition, the Guidelines of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) for Hematological Malignancies (2022 edition) and the China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA) Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Cancer (2022 edition) have also included ivosidenib in the recommended treatment for mutant IDH1 newly diagnosed AML. However, the clinical data of ivosidenib is still limited in China. To standardize the clinical practice of ivosidenib in AML, the Chinese experts work out the clinical guidance based on published ivosidenib-related research data to provide references for clinical physicians.
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the influencing factors of prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 76 elderly (≥60 years old) patients with DLBCL admitted to Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The R-CHOP regimen was the preferred treatment for 54 patients, while the remaining patients received R-miniCHOP, CHOP or other regimens or supportive treatments due to age, physical condition, economic factors, etc., which were not included in the efficacy analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival status of patients. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.Results:Among the 54 patients who preferred R-CHOP regimen for treatment, 26 cases (48.1%) achieved complete remission and 14 cases (25.9%) achieved partial remission, and the total effective rate was 74.1% (40/54); Among them, the total effective rate of 37 cases aged 60-69 years was 70.3% (26/37), and the total effective rate of 17 cases aged 70-79 years was 82.4% (14/17); there was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.01, P = 0.390). All 76 patients were followed up for 1-60 months. As of the last follow-up, 49 patients (64.5%) died, with the median overall survival (OS) time of 16 months and 5-year OS rate of 35.5%. Kaplan-Meier method showed that age ≥ 70 years old at initial diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≥ 2 points, presence of B symptoms, international prognosis index (IPI) score >3 points, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, immunohistochemistry positive for bcl-2, and non-germinal center type were associated with poor OS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years old at initial diagnosis, presence of B symptoms, positive expression of bcl-2, non-germinal center type were independent risk factors for OS (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Elderly DLBCL patients have poor survival. Old age at initial diagnosis, B symptoms, bcl-2 positive, and non-germinal center type are independent risk factors of prognosis.
Objective:To explore the efficacy of venetoclax plus azacitidine (VA) in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).Methods:The clinical data of 4 newly diagnosed CMML-2 patients treated with VA regimen in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from February 2022 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:All 4 CMML-2 patients achieved the effect of ≥ partial bone marrow remission (PMR) after 1 course of treatment, and with the deepened extension of treatment course, the overall response rate and complete remission (CR) rate was 100% and 50%, respectively. In terms of dose adjustment, the dose and usage day of venetoclax were determined by using dynamic frailty assessment and adverse events. Among the 2 patients who achieved CR, 1 patient initially received venetoclax 200 mg for 14 days, and 1 patient received venetoclax 400 mg for 28 days and then the usage reduced to venetoclax 200 mg for 14 days due to hematological adverse events. All 4 patients maintained CR status. The most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.Conclusions:The first-line application of VA regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed CMML-2 patients may achieve faster remission and better safety compared with traditional HMA monotherapy.
目的:提高对纯红系白血病的认识。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的1例纯红系白血病患儿的临床资料，并进行文献复习。结果:患儿为6个月26天婴幼儿，以呕吐、发热起病，结合患儿血常规、骨髓及影像学检查考虑诊断纯红系白血病并腹腔占位（红系肉瘤？），因患儿病情危重，未行活组织检查明确占位性质；按CCLG-AML-2019方案给予诱导化疗，化疗过程中出现感染性休克，家长放弃治疗。结论:纯红系白血病是一种罕见且恶性程度较高的急性白血病类型，治疗难度大，目前尚无有效治疗方案，预后极差。
目的:探讨靶向B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）的嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）治疗自体造血干细胞移植后复发多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年1月解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院收治的接受靶向BCMA的CAR-T治疗自体造血干细胞移植后复发MM的3例患者临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果:3例MM患者移植后复发时骨髓浆细胞分别为23.5%、6.5%、34.5%。经过靶向BCMA的CAR-T治疗，3例均达到完全缓解（CR），均出现细胞因子释放综合征（CRS），其中1例为1级CRS，2例为2级CRS。3例患者输注CAR-T后，CAR-T均出现扩增及细胞因子的变化。1例在CAR-T治疗后30个月时疾病再次复发，2例仍处于持续CR状态。结论:靶向BCMA的CAR-T对自体造血干细胞移植后复发的MM患者具有较好疗效和安全性。
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignant proliferative hematological tumor. At present, a variety of drugs including immunomodulators (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitors (PI) have been used to treat MM, and the progression-free survival time of patients has been significantly prolonged. Because the immune dysfunction of MM patients has not been fundamentally corrected, most of them will eventually relapse and develop drug resistance. Pomalidomide, a third-generation IMiD, has achieved a high response rate in clinical trials of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who did not respond to lenalidomide or bortezomib. This article reviews the mechanism of pomalidomide and the efficacy and safety of relevant clinical trials, so as to investigate the treatment measures for RRMM.
目的:探讨氟达拉滨、白消安、美法仑（FBM）为基础的预处理方案在重型再生障碍性贫血伴肥厚性心肌病患者造血干细胞移植中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2021年11月苏州弘慈血液病医院1例重型再生障碍性贫血伴肥厚性心肌病患者应用FBM预处理方案成功行异基因造血干细胞移植的诊疗过程，并进行文献复习。结果:患者，男性，31岁，因乏力、心慌起病，综合检查诊断为重型再生障碍性贫血伴肥厚性心肌病，初始免疫调节、成分血输注等治疗，血象无改善。患者与其胞姐人类白细胞抗原配型全相合，予以FBM为基础的预处理方案，成功行同胞全相合造血干细胞移植，随访11个月，患者病情稳定，血象恢复正常。结论:以FBM为基础的预处理方案治疗重型再生障碍性贫血伴肥厚性心肌病患者效果好，安全可靠，但后续仍需要扩大病例来进一步验证。
目的:提高对以腹腔积液为首发症状的腹膜髓系肉瘤的认识。方法:回顾性分析山西省肿瘤医院2022年1月收治的1例以腹腔积液为首发症状的髓系肉瘤患者的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果:患者为40岁男性。因腹腔积液和腹部剧烈疼痛行电子胃镜及结肠镜检查均未见明显病变，肿瘤标志物检查阴性，血常规检查未见异常，PET-CT考虑炎性或结核性病变。腹腔积液细胞学检查示肿瘤细胞异型性明显，核细胞与浆细胞比值高，可见幼稚嗜酸性粒细胞；免疫组织化学结果示：CD3、CD20、CD10、MUM1、bcl-6、CD5、CD30、c-myc、Pax-5均阴性，MPO、Vimentin、bcl-2均阳性，Ki-67阳性指数约70%，符合淋巴造血系统源性恶性肿瘤髓系肉瘤。后经B型超声引导下腹膜肿物穿刺活组织病理检查，结果与腹腔积液细胞学检查一致，确诊为腹膜髓系肉瘤。结论:腹膜髓系肉瘤伴腹腔积液罕见，临床易误诊。腹腔积液细胞学结合免疫组织化学检查可明确诊断。
As a small molecule targeted agent, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor has been widely used in treatment of hematologic malignancies. Acalabrutinib is the first highly selective BTK inhibitor globally, and approved by National Medical Products Administration on March 22th 2023 in the treatment of adult mantle cell lymphoma patients who received at least 1 therapy regimen. To standardize the clinical practice of acalabrutinib in hematologic malignancies in advance, the Chinese experts work out this clinical guidance by combining the clinical data of acalabrutinib and guidelines recommendation to provide references for clinical physicians.
Objective:To investigate the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its clinical significance.Methods:The clinical data of 99 DLBCL patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood before and after treatment were detected by using flow cytometry. According to the disease status at the time of blood collection and detection, the patients were divided into the newly-diagnosed DLBCL group (28 cases), and the newly-treated remission DLBCL group (71 cases); and 40 healthy volunteers undergoing the physical examination during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The proportion and absolute count differences of T lymphocytes and the related subsets in 3 groups were compared. Besides, the correlation among T lymphocyte subsets, the correlation of each subset with international prognostic index (IPI) score and treatment response in newly-diagnosed DLBCL patients were further analyzed.Results:The proportion of CD3 + T cells in newly-diagnosed DLBCL group was decreased compared with that in the healthy control group [(58±14)% vs. (67±7)%, P < 0.05]. The absolute count of CD3 + T cells in both newly-diagnosed group and the newly-treated remission group was reduced compared with that in the healthy control group [(875±483) /μl and (808±553) /μl vs. (1 374±279) /μl, P < 0.001]. The absolute count of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in newly-diagnosed group was decreased compared with that in the healthy control group [(478±313) /μl vs. (695±154) /μl, (316±181) /μl vs. (525±193) /μl, all P < 0.001]. Both the proportion and absolute count of CD4 + T cells in the newly-treated remission DLBCL group were decreased compared with those in the newly-diagnosed DLBCL group and the healthy control group [(40±14)% vs. (53±14)% and (51±9)%, (313±247) /μl vs. (478±313) /μl and (695±154) /μl, all P < 0.05]. The porportion of CD8 + T cells was increased compared with that in the other two groups [(51±15)% vs. (37±12)% and (38±9)%, all P < 0.001]. Compared with the healthy control group, the effect/memory subsets proportion of regulatory T cell (Treg) and conventional T cell (Tcon) were increased in both newly-diagnosed DLBCL group and the newly-treated remission DLBCL group [(79±16)% and (84±12)% vs. (71±11)%,(72±16)% and (76±14)% vs. (62±13)%, all P < 0.05], and the proportion of CD127 + memory Tcon and CD8 + T cell subsets was reduced [(73±14)% and (66±20)% vs. (85±8)%,(39±15)% and (25±21)% vs. (62±16)%, all P < 0.05]. In newly-diagnosed DLBCL group, the absolute counts of CD3 + T and CD4 + T cells were negatively correlated with the proportion of effector Treg ( r = -0.379, P = 0.049; r = -0.384, P = 0.040, respectively). IPI score of DLBCL patients was correlated with the proportion of CD8 + T cells ( Eta2 = 0.15, P = 0.038). The proportion of CD127 + memory Tcon in patients with non-complete remission was increased compared with that in patients with complete remission after treatment ( P = 0.020). Conclusions:The proportion and absolute count of T lymphocyte cells in peripheral blood of newly-diagnosed DLBCL patients is decreased, and the differentiation state of T lymphocyte cells shows change trend, which is related to the clinical characteristics and treatment response of DLBCL patients. Even if DLBCL patients have achieved treatment remission, T lymphocyte cells are not completely return to the normal.
