猪粮安天下,生猪行业一直以来都是国计民生的大行业.为了促进宁夏回族自治区(简称"宁夏")生猪产业健康、稳定、持续发展,笔者对宁夏生猪产业发展情况进行了深入调研,全面总结了宁夏生猪产业养殖现状、产业特点和存在问题,并从政策保障、疫病防控、种猪繁育体系建设等方面提出对策和建议,以期推动宁夏生猪产业健康高质量发展.
生猪种业是保障生猪产业发展的重要基础,是提升生猪产业核心竞争力的关键.该文对陕西省生猪种业发展现状和存在的问题进行分析,并提出建议,以期为提高生猪种业自主创新能力,促进生猪种业高质量发展提供参考.
该文通过对反刍动物粗饲料生产与利用情况的调查和分析,探讨了该领域存在的问题和挑战,同时提出了改善策略和建议.调查发现,粗饲料利用率不高,经济效益有待提高.饲养模式和粗饲料利用方式对粗饲料利用效果有一定影响,科学配制饲料比例和控制饲喂量可以提高利用效率.为改善粗饲料生产与利用情况,提出了一些建议,包括引进优良品种、加强技术培训和指导、推广先进的储存和保存技术、科学配制饲料和饲喂管理、经济效益分析与调整、加强科研与合作等,以期为反刍动物粗饲料生产与利用提供参考,推动反刍动物饲养的可持续发展.
近年来,禹城市着力推进畜禽种业发展.该文首先对禹城市畜禽种业有关遗传资源保护、优良品种开发、种业企业发展、种畜禽生产经营等方面发展情况进行了分析,其次阐述了禹城市奶牛、肉鸡、德州驴、生猪等特色畜种产业化现状,最后分析了禹城市畜禽种业存在的问题,并提出了具有针对性的对策和建议.
在半旱养模式中,洗浴池水体在鹅养殖中起到关键作用,洗浴池水体污染会造成细菌滋生,传播疾病,影响鹅的生长与繁殖性能.该试验旨在研究净水剂(聚合硫酸铝)对鹅粪污水的净化效果.该试验在 100mL鹅粪稀释液(模拟养殖污水)中通过添加不同浓度的PAS(1×10-3、1×10-4、1×10-5g/mL)对1%、2.5%、5%的污水稀释液进行处理.结果表明,在 1%、2.5%、5%的鹅养殖污水中,添加浓度为 1×10-4g/mL、1×10-5g/mL的PAS,对大肠杆菌与总菌落无显著影响(P＞0.05);浓度为 1×10-3g/mL的PAS能够显著降低大肠杆菌与总菌落的数量,并在浓度为5%的养殖污水中显著降低污水中的悬浮物、化学需氧量、磷酸盐含量(P＜0.05).可见,浓度为 1×10-3g/mL的PAS能够显著减少总菌落与大肠杆菌数量,在5%浓度的鹅养殖污水中,聚合硫酸铝能够显著改善水质.
甘肃省是生猪生产发展潜力较大的省份,合作猪、八眉猪等地方猪种在乡村振兴中发挥着重要作用.该文分析了甘肃省生猪种业现状,剖析了存在的困难和问题,提出了多项种业创新举措,旨在立足甘肃生猪种业现状,更加科学地开展特色猪种保护和开发利用,为全国生猪种业振兴提供甘肃探索和思考.
随着我国规模化养猪进程的加快,选育出生产性能优秀的生猪的意义日趋重要.目前天康畜牧科技有限公司(以下简称天康畜牧)在猪育种工作方面已取得了一定的成果,该文从近些年天康生猪产业板块、天康育种工作情况、天康种猪性能和天康育种研发与展望四个方面进行阐述,旨在从技术和方法层面为全国生猪种业发展提供参考.
我国从生猪养殖大国转型升级为生猪种业强国不仅需要政府农业主管部门的科学规划、科研机构的技术支撑,还需要种猪育种企业的主动作为和积极配合.该文介绍了陕西顺鑫种猪选育有限公司在种猪选育、信息化管理、企业经营和校企合作科技创新方面的工作经验,建议生猪种业企业加快猪场信息化建设,深入开展校企联合育种,升级企业管理模式,打造高品质种猪品牌,提升种业竞争力,以期为其他生猪育种企业提供借鉴的经验.
大学本科导师制是本科生培养过程中一种新的管理和教育模式.该文以广西大学动物科学技术学院动物科学专业为例,分析了动物科学专业本科生导师制建立的背景及基础,介绍了《导师制课程》基本情况、课程目标、建设内容与举措,以期为培养符合当前畜牧产业需求的动物科学专业高素质创新型人才奠定基础.
In this experiment,170 healthy pre-lactation Holstein cows with similar milk yield,lactation days and parity were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups.The control group was fed with basic diet,and the experimental group was fed with basic diet + 50 g/head/d hardwood condensed tannins.The pre-trial period was 7 days and the trial period was 30 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the addition of condensed tannins had no significant effect on the milk yield and feed conversion efficiency of Holstein cows(P>0.05),and could significantly reduce the somatic cell count of raw milk(P<0.05).The contents of IL-1,IL-2 and TNF-α,glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in serum of cows in the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The content of malondialdehyde in the blood of Holstein cows in the experimental group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the total number of white blood cells,the total number of lymphocytes,the total number of intermediate cells and the total number of neutrophils in the blood of Holstein cows were significantly increased(P<0.05),the average platelet volume,platelet distribution width,platelet hematocrit and the total number of large platelets were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the total number of platelets was significantly decreased(P<0.05).It can be seen that adding 50 g/head/d of condensed tannins to the diet of high-yield dairy cows can stabilize milk yield,improve the quality of raw milk,and improve the anti-stress ability and immune performance of dairy cows.
为提高《动物生物化学》课程的教学效果,培养新农科背景下创新创业型人才,该研究基于融合科研案例的线上线下混合式教学改革,开展了课前的科研文献综述泛读,课上的科研论文精读,以及问题导向的实验课设计.结果表明,基于融合科研案例的教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了对理论知识的理解和掌握,培养了学生的科研创新思维,对教师做好科学研究具有驱动作用.
In order to explore the correlation between body weight and main body sizes indicators of Kirgiz rams at different months,to study the multiple linear regression relationship between body weight and body size,and to determine the breed characteristics and pre-dict breeding value and productivity level of Kirgiz breeding ram.27 12-month-old Kirgiz rams were selected for the experiment,111 24-month-old Kirgiz rams,128 48-month-old Kirgiz rams,and 68 72-month-old Kirgiz rams were measured,and the phenotypic correlation variables,correlation relationships and diameter coefficient of body weight and main body size indexes of Kirgiz RAMS at different ages were statistically analyzed.The results showed that Kirgiz rams body weight was positively correlated with body height and chest girth(P<0.01),body height was positively correlated with body length(P<0.01),chest circumference showed a significant positive correlation(P<0.05).The phenotypic correlation coefficient between body weight and chest girth was the largest,improvement and chest girth could be used as indicators to evaluate body weight.These results indicated that we should focus on chest circumference and give consideration to body height to breeding Kirgiz rams.
In order to compare the separation methods of bovine fibroblasts,the primary cells were isolated and cultured by tissue attachment method and tissue attachment + double enzyme digestion method(trypsin + collagenase Ⅱ)after the samples of bovine ear skin were collected and brought back to the laboratory at low temperature.The results showed that it took 6～7 days for the cells to migrate from the tissue blocks,spindle-shaped cells were visible at 10～11 days,and swirly growth halos were observed at 16 days.Tissue adhesion + double enzyme digestion method requires only 5 days for cells to migrate out of the tissue block,spindle cells can be seen on the 6th day,and the swirly growth halo can be observed on the 10th day.The comparison of the two methods shows that the tissue adhesion and double enzyme digestion method can quickly separate and obtain bovine fibroblasts,and is the best method to obtain bovine fibroblasts.
该文通过对福清山羊养殖产业状况进行调查,发现"福清山羊"群体被外来羊及杂交羊混杂,本品种资源危机加剧.同时,福清养羊以农户小规模养殖为主,在从业人员、饲养管理、饲养设施、疫病防控等方面存在诸多问题,但适度规模养殖的家庭羊场有自身经营优势,生命力强,有明显的生态效益、经济效益和解决部分农民就地就业问题的社会效益.基于此,该文提出应加强政策引导,鼓励开展福清山羊本品种保种、提纯、复壮工作;加强技术支持,引导科学养殖,有望较大幅度提高山羊养殖效益,发挥农村区域特色经济优势,助力乡村振兴.
我国畜禽遗传资源丰富,如何对畜禽遗传资源进行有效保护并利用好进行遗传改良,成为当前畜禽遗传资源保护与利用的重要关注点.为了进一步对我国畜禽遗传资源实施有效的保护和利用,该文从畜牧业现状、畜禽遗传资源情况、畜禽遗传资源保护体系、启示建议等方面阐述了荷兰畜禽遗传资源保护与利用现状,并结合我国畜禽遗传资源保护方面的不足,在基因库建设、建立高效育种联盟和保护主体等方面提出改进措施.
生猪产业是我国畜牧业中的主导产业,是满足人们日益增长的肉食需求的主要来源,在生猪产业中,种猪育种重要性占 40%以上.该文以陕西正能集团育种工作的实践,简要阐述了种猪档案管理、种猪性能测定、表型选择、联合育种、分子育种和大数据技术等方法的基本流程;通过组建育种核心群,选择目标性状,采用配合力测定等技术的应用,使正能集团的长白种猪和大白种猪各项性能稳步提升,尤其在繁殖性能上取得了显著的进展,以期为其他种猪企业提供可参考的案例.
浙江省某浙东白鹅种鹅场发现数只患病鹅与病死鹅,剖检后取样分离到一株目标菌株,经过分离培养和纯化、涂片镜检及16S rDNA扩增测序等试验进行鉴定.结果显示,单菌落经革兰氏染色后镜检呈革兰氏阴性短小杆菌,进行 16S rDNA的扩增测序后,分离菌株与多杀性巴氏杆菌同源性高达 99.93%,判定该分离株为多杀性巴氏杆菌.用E-test法对分离菌株进行最小抑菌浓度检测,发现该菌对庆大霉素、美罗培南、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、复方新诺明、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、粘菌素敏感,对红霉素耐药.可见,从浙东白鹅种鹅场患病鹅和病死鹅体内分离到的菌株为多杀性巴氏杆菌,该菌对庆大霉素等8种抗生素敏感,可以单独用药或联合用药治疗,但不能使用红霉素.
生猪养殖设施化过程中,安装自动环控设备是必不可少的,通过现场调研黔江区 36家中小规模猪场,发现这些猪场以传统开放式半开放式养殖模式为主,但是需要一定的资金投入,加上环控系统中各类传感器与风机关联方面的物联技术不够成熟等因素,在一定程度上也制约着自动环控设备的应用.调研结果显示,只有 11家猪场安装使用自动环控设备,安装使用率占比 30.55%,自动环控设备配置率不高,设施养殖理念亟需提升.基于此,该文提出应该加大宣传,提高智能化设备的安装使用率,助力高效生产;加强物联网技术研究,结合物联网信息化技术,实现舍内全天候精准调控;对生产技术人员进行专门操作和理论培训,确保环控装备在通风、降温、废气排放等方面发挥最大效果,实现猪场环境精准控制,促进生猪产业向自动化、智能化方向发展,积极推动黔江生猪产业高质量发展.
