Let T be a connected subgraph of a graph G, the T-structure connectivity kappa(G;T) (resp. T-substructure connectivity kappa s(G;T)) of G is the minimum cardinality of a set of subgraphs F of G that each is isomorphic to T (resp. a connected subgraph of T) such that G-F is disconnected or a singleton. The n-dimensional folded locally twisted cube, FLTQn, is a graph, which is obtained by adding edges to n-dimensional locally twisted cube, LTQn. In this paper, we study star- and cycle-structures connectivity and substructures connectivity of FLTQn. We get that star (K1,m)-structure (substructure) connectivity of FLTQn is 2 <= m <= n2. Furthermore, we calculate kappa(FLTQn;C2k)=n+1k for 3 <= k <= n.
Given a planar graph H, let fBP(n,H) denote the maximum number of copies of H in a bipartite planar graph on n vertices. Let Pk denote the path on k vertices. In this paper, we determine the exact value of fBP(n,Pk) and characterize all bipartite planar graphs containing fBP(n,Pk) copies of Pk for each k∈{3,4,5}. In addition, we give a conjecture of asymptotic value of fBP(n,Pk) for all k≥6.
The optimal barrier dividend problem under excess of loss reinsurance strategy has rarely been studied so far. We combine the risk factors such as market friction and terminal residual value with risk investment and risk control strategy, and study the resulting optimal investment-excess of loss reinsurance-barrier dividend problem. Based on the dynamic programming principle, we establish the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, and obtain the explicit solutions for the optimal investment-excess of loss reinsurance strategy. The optimal dividend function is solved by the differential-integral method. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal dividend boundary is proved.
乳腺癌是最常见的肿瘤之一,其治疗仍有很大的改进空间.拓扑异构酶Ⅱ α是治疗乳腺癌等人类疾病的潜在靶点.天然产物具有广泛的生物学活性和化学骨架代表性,是新药发现的重要源泉.使用Autodock vina对天然产物数据库IBScreen NP进行了基于分子对接的虚拟筛选.根据它们的打分值和结构多样性筛查,对获得的22个命中化合物进行体外pBR322 DNA松弛实验验证.结果显示,候选化合物4(CP4)对拓扑异构酶Ⅱα的抑制效果最好.体外抗肿瘤活性结果表明,CP4有一定的抗乳腺癌活性.
The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)is rapidly increasing,and it is urgent to find new biomarkers for treatment and prognosis.The Kinesin family plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and development,as a therapeutic target in a variety of tumors.In this study,based on a public database,the effect of KIF23 on the prognosis of PTC was preliminarily analyzed.It was found that compared with normal tissues,the GEPIA database showed the up-regulated expression of KIF23 gene in thyroid cancer.Two PTC cohorts were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),and survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method.It was found that the prognosis of the group with high KIF23 expression was worse than that of the group with low KIF23 expression.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression and clinicopathological features of KIF23 in 67 thyroid cancer tissues.The results further confirmed the up-regulation of KIF23 expression in thyroid cancer cells.Subsequently,knockdown of KIF23 was performed in thyroid cancer cells,and the expression of KIF23 in thyroid cancer cells was confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot.The effect of KIF23 on the proliferation of PTC cells was analyzed by colony formation assay and CCK-8 detection.The results showed that the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells was significantly inhibited after KIF23 knockdown expression.The results of this study suggest that the expression of KIF23 is related to the clinicopathological proliferation of thyroid cancer cells.Knockdown of the KIF23 gene can inhibit the pathological proliferation of thyroid cancer cells,which may be a therapeutic target in the future.High expression of KIF23 can serve as a molecular marker for poor prognosis in patients with PTC.
以桔皮提取液为还原剂和保护剂,通过同步还原法制得了石墨烯纳米银复合材料(RGO-AgNPs),用红外光谱法、扫描电镜法对该复合材料进行了结构与形貌表征,并用RGO-AgNPs修饰在玻碳电极上,构建了一种在低电位条件下(0 V)无酶检测葡萄糖的电化学传感器.在最佳制备条件下复合材料修饰电极对葡萄糖的催化效果非常明显.在电位为0 V时采用电流时间曲线法检测葡萄糖时,葡萄糖浓度在0.01-19 mmol/L范围内,呈现出两个线性关系,检出限为1.1×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3),抗坏血酸(AA)等常见干扰物质不影响葡萄糖的测定.RGO-AgNPs修饰电极连续测定1 mmol/L葡萄糖10次的相对标准偏差为1.5％,电极于冰箱保存10 d后响应电流变为初始的92.3％.实验结果表明,基于RGO-AgNPs的葡萄糖无酶传感器具有较好的选择性、重现性、稳定性.
光动力学疗法在肿瘤的微创和高效治疗中得到了广泛的应用.但是,大部分光敏剂纳米材料的尺寸较大,以及产生单线态氧的产生能力较弱,因而限制了其在肿瘤治疗中的进一步应用.氧化铱(IrO2)作为一种半导体材料,因其具有较好的光催化性能,而被研发应用于光动力学治疗.采用水解法,制备出具有小尺寸的IrO2纳米颗粒(NPs).为进一步提升IrO2 NPs的生物相容性、通过结合聚乙二醇(PEG)分子,得到IrO2-PEG NPs.通过紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X-射线能谱元素分析、Zeta电位分析、动态光散射分析、热重分析和X-射线光电子能谱,分析和讨论了 IrO2-PEG NPs.结果表明,IrO2-PEG具有良好的生物相容性和光动力治疗作用,在肿瘤治疗方面具有很大的应用前景.
基于中医脏腑辩证的28种常见临床证候分类,探讨了多标签K近邻、全连接神经网络、一维卷积神经网络3种算法原理,测试、分析、比较了3种算法的优劣.其中,全连接神经网络模型的分类算法具有较高的准确率,可达84.48％.
Cataract is a common eye disease,which is caused by many reasons and is also the main cause of blindness.Shihu Yeguang Pill is one of the ancient and commonly used Chinese patent medicines.It has a certain curative effect in the treatment of cataracts and glaucoma.However,the action mechanism remains unclear.In this study,network pharmacology,molecular docking,and cell experiment were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of Shihu Yeguang Pill in treating cataracts.The active components and targets of Shihu Yeguang Pill were screened by TCMSP,PubChem,SuperPred,and BATMAN-TCM databases.The targets related to cataracts were obtained from GeneCards,CTD,Malacards,DisGeNET and OMIM database,and the intersected targets were obtained by Venny2.1.0.Then,an active component-target network was constructed using Cytoscape software.And the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was drawn through the String database and Cytoscape software,and the core targets were obtained.Next,KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed by Bioconduct database.Molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina.Finally,cell experiments were conducted to verify the effect of active compounds.Results showed that according to the screening criteria,a total of 1 511 active compounds and 576 potential targets of Shihu YeGuang Pill were chosen.Through the online database,10 133 cataract-related targets were identified,and 449 overlapping targets were obtained.In an active component-target network,isorhamnetin,naringenin,and quercetin were the important active components.In the PPI network,MAPK3,MAPK1,STAT3,TP53,and AKT1 were the core targets.KEGG analyses showed that the main pathways of Shihu Yeguang Pill in treating cataracts involved PI3K-AKT,TNF,and MAPK signaling pathways.In molecular docking,the active compounds of Shihu Yeguang Pill had a good affinity with the core targets.Cell survival tests showed that QUE(quercetin),Naringenin(NAR),and ISO(Isorhamnetin)can improve B-3 cell injury induced by H2O2.The determination of total reactive oxygen species in B-3 cells showed that NAR,ISO,and QUE could treat H2O2-induced oxidative damage.In this study,the main active components,targets,and signaling pathways of Shihu Yeguang Pill in the treatment of cataracts have been preliminarily predicted,providing new ideas for further research on the protective mechanism and clinical application of Shihu Yeguang Pill against cataracts.
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most prevalent form of lung cancer.However,its mechanism and therapeutic strategy remain to be clarified.Mangiferin(MGF)is a flavonoid derived from the leaves of mango trees that has many pharmacological and physiological effects.The aim of this research is to elucidate the mechanism of MGF in treating NSCLC using network pharmacology,molecular docking,and the biological effect of MGF in NSCLS cell line.The targets of MGF were screened by the TCMSP,Swiss Target Prediction,and SuperPred databases.The targets related to MGF were obtained from the GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,TTD,DrugBank,and DisGeNET databases,and the intersected targets were obtained by Venny2.1.0.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was drawn through the String database and Cytoscape software.Next,the pathway enrichment analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed by the Bioconductor platform.Finally,molecular docking was conducted using Autodock Vina.The result showed that 74 potential targets of MGF were chosen and 53 overlapping targets were obtained.In the PPI network,HSP90AA1,ESR1,PTGS2,CXCR4,and TLR4 were the core targets.KEGG analyses showed that the main pathways of MGF in treating NSCLC involved PI3K-Akt,NF-kappa B,and MAPK signaling pathways.In molecular docking,MGF had a good affinity with the core targets.In vitro experiments,MGF was shown to significantly restrain the proliferation of NSCLC cells(A549,NCI-H460,and NCI-H1299 cells)in a dose-and time-dependent manner.In conclusion,MGF can treat non-small cell lung cancer through multiple targets and pathways which could provide new ideas for further research on the protective mechanism and clinical application of MGF against NSCLC.
The invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on the quaternionic Stiefel manifold VpHn of every orthonormal p-frame in H"are considered,VpHn is diffeomorphic to the homogeneous space Sp(n)/Sp(n-p).It's proved that there are at least two families of Sp(n)-invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on Sp(n)/Sp(n-p)for any 2≤p≤3/4 n and eight families of invariant Einstein-Randers metrics on Sp(3)/Sp(1)and Sp(4)/Sp(2).
目前二值量化在信息提取过程中只能提取参数符号信息并且完全忽视位置信息,这导致了二值神经网络精度提升困难.针对当前存在的问题,提出了基于W正则化及变式余弦动量的新训练模块.W正则化可依据二值量化特点,对网络权重进行一定调整,使得不同位置的参数根据不同函数进行优化.设计充分利用了参数位置信息,同时提升了二值量化精度.此外,引入连续可导的变式余弦动量,即针对权重的位置分布添加不同幅度的动量,使得距离±1区间较远的参数可以以较快的速度逼近零点,该动量可以大幅提升收敛速度,在不影响推理速度的情况下进一步增加量化精度.在CIFAR-10,CIFAR-100,SVHN,Tiny ImageNet数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法在预测准确率上分别可以达到84.74％,56.58％,96.33％和42.41％,高于现有的先进算法.
针对医学图像数据少、分割目标大小不一、相较背景占比低而带来的无法精准分割的问题,在传统U-Net网络基础上,提出3D RSPU-Net网络模型结构.使用残差网络代替神经元作为基本单元结构,减少网络模型训练中梯度消失退化的问题;U-Net上采样和下采样结构单元增加挤压和激发模块,提取重要特征,抑制无关特征;引入批量标准化层,网络损失函数空间更加平滑,有泛化能力,增加了模型的鲁棒性;采用三维卷积代替普遍使用的二维卷积,充分利用数据空间信息.在182张肋骨CT图像数据集上,使用该网络模型IOU为0.846,豪斯多夫距离为5.236 mm,精准度0.853.相较于使用传统U-Net网络和其他现有模型,该模型在肋骨骨折分割方面有更好的准确度和可行性.
It's proved that the discrete Morse functions on digraphs are flat Witten-Morse functions and the discrete Morse functions with the same zero-point set are equivalent,inducing the same Morse complex.
以浓硫酸为溶剂和磺化剂制备磺化聚醚砜(SPES),将聚醚砜(PES)与SPES共混制备铸膜液,采用相转化法制备了特定孔径、荷负电的SPES/PES共混复合膜.研究了凝固浴温度、铸膜液总固含量、SPES/PES共混比和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)含量对共混膜孔径及性能的影响.结果表明,凝固浴温度和总固含量对共混膜的孔径影响较大,随着凝固浴温度的升高和总固含量的降低,SPES/PES共混膜的孔径不断增大;当总固含量为39％、PVPK30含量为12％、SPES/PES共混比为0.25、凝固浴温度为60℃时,共混膜的平均孔径可增大至16.59 nm;随着共混比的提高,膜电位降低,亲水性能增强.利用SPSS软件建立了多元线性回归分析模型,可对共混膜的平均孔径进行预测.该研究为孔径精准可控的SPES/PES共混膜的制备提供了有益参考.
脂质沉积性肌病(LSM)是一组以脂质在肌纤维内异常聚集为主要肌肉病理改变的病因异质性疾病,在中国,90％LSM是由晚发型多酰基辅酶A脱氢缺陷(MADD)引起,但确切发病机制尚不完全清楚.本研究报道1例对核黄素反应性脂质沉积性肌病中国患者,分析其疾病表型与基因变异,为晚发型MADD的诊断和治疗提供新的参考依据.结合多种生物信息学分析和突变体的体外功能研究,结果表明先证者的脂质沉积性肌病与ETFDH基因变异导致的MADD有关,肌肉活检与基因检测为LSM的确诊提供了重要证据,补充核黄素可显著改善患者肌无力表型.
Grifola frondosa is an edible mushroom,which has a high value in health research.Hydrophobins are small proteins with remarkable surface-active properties,which make hyphal wall surfaces water-repellent.The aim of this study was to identify and characteristic more hydrophobin genes from the hypha of G.frondosa.In this study,a cDNA library of the hyphae was constructed.Two new hydrophobin genes,which were named hgfⅢ and hgfⅣ,respectively,were isolated and characterized.The gene cDNA sequences,deduced amino acid sequences,primary structures and hydropathy plots of the hydrophobin proteins were analyzed.Results showed that the deduced protein amino acid sequences of two genes shared the same hydrophobicity patterns as HGFI,a class Ⅰ hydrophobin already known from G.frondosa.The construction of a phylogenetic tree indicated that the two newly-discovered hydrophobins formed separate clades with HGFI.The stage of culture was found to have a marked influence on gene expression between hgfⅠ and both hgfⅢ and hgfⅣ.Transcription patterns demonstrated that the expression of the novel hgfⅢ was highly induced in hypha compared with that of hgfⅠand hgfⅣ.However,hgfⅣ was highly induced in fruiting bodies among these genes.The diverse transcription patterns of the hydrophobin genes suggested that they may play different roles in different growth stages of G.frondosa.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是癌症相关死亡率的主要致死因素.STEAP2在多种肿瘤中过表达.本研究的目的是评估STEAP2在GBM患者中的表达和预后价值.使用GEPIA和Kaplan-Meier(KM)分析STEAP2的mRNA表达和蛋白表达及其预后特征.KEGG通路分析用于探索STEAP2的相关信号通路.GEPIA的分析表明,GBM组织中STEAP2的表达上调,STEAP2表达与癌症的临床分期有关.免疫组织化学分析显示,与邻近组织相比,胶质瘤组织中STEAP2蛋白表达显著上调.STEAP2的表达与胶质瘤细胞的增殖能力呈正相关.KM曲线显示,STEAP2表达上调与GBM不良预后有关.STEAP2有望成为胶质瘤的潜在诊断和预后标志物为胶质瘤提供更准确的预后指标.
为了提高LDO的电压性能,设计了一款电压基准.基于带隙基准温度补偿的原理,通过增加运放、RC滤波器的方式改变了电路的结构,使得带隙基准的电源抑制比(PSRR)和温度系数得到了优化,并且改变了核心电路中MOS管与电阻的连接方式,让输出基准电压(VREF)可以在2-4 V之间调整.从仿真结果得知,当电源电压为2 V时,输出基准电压为1.19 V;温度在-40-85℃变化时,温度系数为1.991 8 ppm/℃;高频电源电压抑制比为-72 dB@10 MHz.
通过测定菟丝草药材对15-LOX、COX-2酶的抑制率来评价其体外抗炎活性,菟丝草药材各溶剂提取物对COX-2酶有较高的抑制率,其中石油醚提取物的活性最高;而对15-LOX酶的抑制率均比较低.同时采用GC-MS技术对其脂溶性部位进行成分分析,并根据峰面积归一化法对各组分进行定量分析.通过分析,共鉴定出酯类、脂肪酸、甾类等47种成分.结果显示,菟丝草药材有一定的抗炎活性,石油醚提取物活性最强,脂溶性提取物中甾类及脂肪酸成分含量较高.
