Utilization of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. as a food flavouring and aroma enhancer plants seems to diminish over time. From a preliminary study, this problem is due to the difficulty of collecting the plants from the wild, longer preparation time and shorter shelf life even though it has the potential to be commercialized as a natural flavouring source. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop the ready-to-use (RTUP) product and evaluate the differences between the fresh leaves and the RTUP developed. The proximate composition was determined using standard AOAC methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. The rehydration ratio of RTUP was determined based on the effect of temperature on recovery time. Sensory test involving 80 semi-trained panellists was conducted to study the acceptability of product developed. Ready-to-used product has higher content of ash (6.61%), crude protein (6.83%), crude fat (3.28%), carbohydrate (84.68%), and energy (396.33 kcal/100 g). Scavenging capacity against free radicals between fresh leaves (1.7 mg/mL) and RTUP (1.4 mg/mL) showed no significant different meanwhile the ferric reducing power ability showed a significant difference at 9.4 mg/g and 5.6 mg/g respectively. This study recorded that the recovery time of RTUP decreases as the temperature increase. Furthermore, the panellist showed positive response toward sensory perception of RTUP. However, it is suggested to improve the formulation of RTUP in order to allow more functions and value to be domesticated.
Lycium truncatum Y.C.Wang is a medicinal and environmentally valuable shrub belonging to the family of Solanaceae. Due to desertification, prolonged drought, overgrazing, and mining activities, it has been listed as a rare shrub in the Mongolian Red Book and the Checklist of Native Vascular Plants of Mongolia. To establish an initial report on the genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated L. truncatum, two-DNA-based techniques, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker analysis were performed. The plantlets were micropropagated on DKW medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L kinetin (Kin) and 0.1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and acclimatised in the culture room (ex vitro) after hardening off in a peat moss (2:1) mixture. A total of 10 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used in the present study; 14 primers produced clear and scorable amplicons. RAPD analysis generated a total of 37 bands, of which 30 (81.1%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was low, with 18.9% polymorphism among all samples. The similarity coefficient was between 0.90 and 0.91 between the hardened plants and between the wild type. ISSR analysis revealed a total of 52 bands, of which 31 (59.6%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was 40.4% for all samples. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.83, while the mean similarity between the two primer sets was 0.84 to 0.87. The result could provide the theoretical basis for a large-scale micropropagation protocol of L. truncatum.
Phenylpropanoids are economically important secondary metabolites with strong pharmacological activity substantively, and their pathways often can be adjusted by abiotic elicitors in plant tissue cultures. Silver nitrate, copper chloride, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide affect the phenylpropanoid such as rosmarinic acid (RA) in hairy root (HR) cultures of Prunella vulgaris. Hairy roots (HRs) were developed via Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation and cultured under dark and agitated conditions. After treatment for 3 days, we used HPLC to quantify four phenylpropanoids, caffeic acid, benzoic acid, rutin, and quercetin from the treatments with different concentrations of elicitors. The most potent elicitor was salicylic acid which increased total phenols by 46.7±1.38 μg/g in control to 95.46±12.63 μg/g at 0.5 mM, largely on account of a nearly threefold increase in caffeic acid (32.15±5.67 μg/g) and a doubled rutin (59.64±6.71 μg/g) level. At 0.5 mM CuCl2, the accumulation of phenols was increased (64.83±2.62 μg/g), due mainly to an increase in rutin levels (45.46±2.11 μg/g) and caffeic acid (13.18±0.04 μg/g). At a concentration of 1mg/L AgNO3, the production of caffeic acid and quercetin was moderately induced (47.01±1.87 μg/g) but suppressed at higher concentrations. The H2O2 treatments demonstrated a low-level elicitation effect with total phenolics maximum of 48.93±1.21 μg/g (100 mM), and a more gradual induction of benzoic acid (1.6±0.16 μg/g) and rutin (32.27±0.16 μg/g). Overall quercetin content decreased in nearly all the treatments and was especially evident at high concentrations of SA and AgNO3, supporting the notion that a metabolic reprogramming with subsequent precursor diversion is occurring. These findings demonstrate that different abiotic elicitors differentially regulate the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis of P. vulgaris HRs, and that SA and CuCl2 were very strong inducers, providing probable strategies to improve the production of medicinally important phenolic compounds.
Lycium truncatum Y.C.Wang is a medicinal and environmentally valuable shrub belonging to the family of Solanaceae. Due to desertification, prolonged drought, overgrazing, and mining activities, it has been listed as a rare shrub in the Mongolian Red Book and the Checklist of Native Vascular Plants of Mongolia. To establish an initial report on the genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated L. truncatum, two-DNA-based techniques, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker analysis were performed. The plantlets were micropropagated on DKW medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L kinetin (Kin) and 0.1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and acclimatised in the culture room (ex vitro) after hardening off in a peat moss (2:1) mixture. A total of 10 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used in the present study; 14 primers produced clear and scorable amplicons. RAPD analysis generated a total of 37 bands, of which 30 (81.1%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was low, with 18.9% polymorphism among all samples. The similarity coefficient was between 0.90 and 0.91 between the hardened plants and between the wild type. ISSR analysis revealed a total of 52 bands, of which 31 (59.6%) were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was 40.4% for all samples. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.83, while the mean similarity between the two primer sets was 0.84 to 0.87. The result could provide the theoretical basis for a large-scale micropropagation protocol of L. truncatum.
Conservation efforts for the monotypic endangered jewel orchid, Aenhenrya rotundifolia requires a multifaceted approach. The present study outlines a dual strategy that combines an efficient in vitro propagation protocol with an investigation into the role of native endophytic fungi. The propagation phase of the study found that 1.0 mg/L meta-topolin was highly effective for inducing multiple shoots (74.3), while 0.5 mg/L Indole-3-Acetic Acid and 0.75 mg/L Naphthalene Acetic Acid were optimal for promoting shoot elongation (3.1 cm) and frequency of rooting (72.93%), respectively. Concurrently, four distinct endophytic fungi from the orchid’s rhizome were isolated and identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum boninense, and Aspergillus sydowii. To assess their potential symbiotic benefits, in vitro raised plantlets were co-cultured with F. oxysporum, which has resulted in a significant increase in survival rates of about 91.58%.
Cell-based cytotoxicity assays have been utilized as the most common screening method for discovering cytotoxic anticancer drugs from natural products. The current research work aimed to investigate the anticancer efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of Senna uniflora (SUEA) against lung, liver and breast cancer cell lines, A549, HepG2, MDAMB-231 and MCF-7, with one non-tumorigenic cell line, MCF-10A. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay on these cell lines at concentrations ranging from 12.5-200 μg/mL. SUEA exhibited dose-dependent minimal toxicity toward MCF-10A cells (>80% viability) and HepG2 cells (>87% viability), moderate toxicity in A549 cells (~70% viability) and MCF-7 cells (~68% viability) at 200 μg/mL, and potent selective cytotoxicity in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line model, MDA-MB-231 (~24% viability at 200 μg/mL), with an IC₅₀ value of 56.63 μg/mL. Phytochemical profiling using GC–MS revealed six major natural constituents, particularly griseoxanthone C and a polyoxygenated xanthone compound which are widely recognized for inducing ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in TNBC models. The selective cytotoxicity of SUEA, supported by both biological assays and phytochemical characterization, suggests that S. uniflora is a promising source of anticancer molecules. These findings suggest further studies involving compound isolation, molecular characterization and mechanistic pathway analysis to enable the development of targeted anti-TNBC compounds.
Camellia yokdonensis is an endemic species in Vietnam. The present study reveals the composition of volatile compounds and antioxidant property of the ethanol extract obtained from the leaves of this plant. A total of eleven chemical components were identified in the leaf extract in which β-monolinolein (46.14%), glycerol β-palmitate (14.69%), phytol (11.99%), squalene (7.82%), γ-sitosterol (5.24%) are the major compounds. In addition, the studied extract also shows the potent DPPH free radical scavenging with the IC50 value of 6.04 μg/mL, comparable to the positive control vitamin C, which showed the IC50 value of 1.56 μg/mL.
The purpose of this research was to investigate a comparative evaluation of the chemical profiles of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) obtained from two wild olives such as Olea europea subsp. laperrinei from the Sahara and Olea europaea var. sylvestris from north of Algeria, as well as to assess their antibacterial activities. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) was used to identify the constituents of the two EVOOs, and the disc diffusion method was used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains. GC-MS analysis revealed 22 components from O. europaea var. sylvestris, with squalene (27.87%), oleic acid (17.27%), palmitic acid (14.31%) and linoleic acid (6.87%) as major constituents, while 14 components were identified in O. europaea subsp. laperrinei oil, with palmitic acid (27.98%) is the main compound followed by Linoleic acid (25.99%), oleic acid (17.43%) and squalene (13.43%). Furthermore, unsaturated fatty acids are the predominant fraction in the two EVOOs. The results indicate that the effect of the two EVOOs on positive bacteria is greater than on negative bacteria. In addition, the EVOO from O. europaea subsp. laperrinei exhibited the highest range of inhibition with all bacterial strains tested, in which S. aureus (MRSA), P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and B. subtilis are the sensitive strains, however, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis are extremely resistant to the two EVOOs. These results demonstrate the nutritional value and the medicinal properties of EVOOs.
In this study, a plant-based mixture composed of hazelnut (Corylus avellana), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), and barberry (Berberis vulgaris) was formulated based on its antioxidant activity, and its bioactive and mineral composition was subsequently evaluated. Water-soluble vitamins, flavonoids, and macro- and microelements in the optimised mixture were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed high levels of B-complex vitamins, particularly folic acid, niacin, and riboflavin, as well as potent antioxidant flavonoids such as apigenin, quercetin, and rutin. Essential minerals, including calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, were also present in significant concentrations, while the levels of heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium remained within acceptable safety limits. Overall, the mixture demonstrates promising potential as a functional food or nutraceutical formulation due to its rich antioxidant and micronutrient content.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common disease globally. Obesity, long-term hepatitis virus infection, and other factors are among those that lead to the development of HCC, which has a poor survival rate. In Asia and Africa, essential oil-bearing plants like black Cumin and Turmeric are used for various traditional medical purposes. To date, no sufficient information has been provided on the biological properties of the herbal Turmeric-black Cumin combination. To compare the essential oils (EOs) of the Turmeric-black Cumin combined spice with those of the individual ingredients, we looked at in silico molecular docking studies, in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer characteristics, and the formulation’s potential phytocompounds. The herbal materials were hydro-distilled on a Clevenger apparatus for their essential oils and further characterized using the GC-MS method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the oils was based on the egg albumin denaturation (EAD) assay, while anti-cancer activity was based on the MTT cell viability assay against the HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line) cells. Lastly, the major compounds identified in the extract were molecular docked against the IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-1R proteins. GC-MS analysis revealed sixty-three major compounds, with ar-Turmerone showing the highest composition in the combined oil (34.45%). The combined oil gave the best anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 51.33±2.22 μg/mL followed by individual EOs. The result showed that at 100 μg/mL, three tested oils treated RAW 264.7 normal cells exhibited more viability (≥60% growth). In contrast, the combined oil showed the best activity against the HepG2 cell line, which suggests that the combined oil extract is selectively cytotoxic to the cancer cells. The phytochemical alpha-Phellandrene and β-Turmerone showed excellent binding affinity against the three proteins in the in-silico study. As a result of the current research, it appears that combination oil can effectively combat both inflammation and cancer.
CAUM66 was found to be a superior landrace and its improved version CAUM66β+ inbred line having a high productivity and beta carotene content. This landrace was reported to have a wide popularity among local farmers of Manipur and hence is a promising parent for breeding programs. DBT16 is the biofortified sweetcorn (inbred line) was found to be a superior inbred parental line during hybrid yield trial having a high productivity and sugar content. So, this study evaluated the genetic variability, heritability, and trait distribution pattern of a BC2F2 and BC2F3 population derived from a cross between β-carotene-rich field corn (CAUM66β⁺) and biofortified (β-carotene-rich) sweet corn (DBT16). Fourteen agro-morphological traits were analysed for variability, The GCV and PCV were ranged from 3.99% to 13.49% and 5.51% to 14.75% and it revealed that the estimates of PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits studied in both the populations, revealing influence of environment. Heritability and GAM estimates ranged from 46.83% to 97.38% and 5.95% to 26.10%, respectively, revealed that the agro-morphological traits viz., cob length, number of tassel-branches, tassel length, cob girth and number of kernels-per row has contributed maximum towards variability depicting the involvement of additive genetic effects and good selection potential. Skewness and kurtosis analysis revealed that number of tassel branches exhibited positive skewness and leptokurtic distribution in BC2F2 population, while most traits showed negative skewness and platykurtic curves, indicating polygenic control. Similarity percentage of lines in BC2F3 population towards recurrent parent, ranged from 79.12% to 82.88% and TSS ranged 14% to 18%. Based on these parameters best four lines from each BC2F3 progeny i.e., CAUM66β+ × DBT16 – 7 – 25 – 5 – 15 – 14 and CAUM66β+ × DBT16 – 3 – 5 – 16 – 29 – 17 was selected and these lines can be utilized in future breeding programs aimed at biofortifying sweetcorn. In the present study, successful introgression of the sweetness allele into field corn led to the development of improved lines, which exhibit strong potential for utilization in hybrid breeding programs.
Nowadays, the use of environmentally benign raw materials, especially medicinal plants, is preferred in the preparation of nano substances known as nanoparticles (NPs), for use in various biological applications. Eugenia uniflora is an edible plant with enormous medicinal uses owing to its rich phytochemical content. Therefore, this study was carried out to obtain an E. uniflora extract-based silver nanoparticles (Eu-Ag NPs), and to elucidate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The NPs were prepared by a conventional green synthesis method. The ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), assisted with characterization of the NPs. In vitro antioxidant analysis was based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay methods. The inhibitory effect of the NPs on egg albumin denaturation (EAD) was used for the in vitro anti-inflammatory screening. Morphological assessment of the Eu-Ag NPs by FESEM revealed the shape to be spherical to cubical. The maximum absorption peak at 410 nm suggests the formation of AgNPs, while the conversion of metallic silver into elemental silver was confirmed by EDX with 99.50%. The FESEM showed a median size of 45.35 nm for the NPs. The Eu-Ag NPs had good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials, exhibiting an IC50 of 48.91±0.12 and 157.41±0.90 μg/mL against H2O2 radical and EAD, respectively. This study has shown that E. uniflora leaf aqueous extract-mediated silver nanoparticles possess unique structural attributes with considerable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Nodulation, a pivotal developmental process in nitrogen-fixing plant-microbe associations, was investigated in Acacia mangium. This study aimed to isolate and characterise root nodule bacteria for plant growth-promoting traits. Ten bacterial isolates underwent screening, revealing similar morphologies and growth rates. All isolates exhibited positive indole acetic acid production, while PI1A and PI2A demonstrated phosphorus and potassium solubilisation. Four isolates, namely PI1A, PI2A, PI3A, and PDG1A, showed positive nitrogen fixation. PI1A emerged as the most promising strain, significantly enhancing (p<0.05) mung bean seedling root fresh weight at 210.37±5.22 mg and root dry weight at 112.67±3.28 mg as compared to the control at 139.27±5.71 mg and 65.40±3.70 mg, respectively. Based on fatty acid analysis, isolate PI1A was identified as belonging to the species Photorhabdus luminescens. In conclusion, P. luminescens isolate PI1A exhibits significant potential candidate in a biofertiliser and bio-stimulant formulation for sustainable agriculture.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have enormous potential in numerous medical uses, such as molecular imaging, drug delivery, and treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Among many AgNP syntheses, the eco-friendly production of AgNPs utilising plants has many advantages including, sustainable and inexpensive process. Further, it provides safer and more effective treatment of numerous diseases. In this research, Phyllanthus niruri (PN) leaf extract was utilised for the biological synthesis of AgNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, FESEM-EDX, and TEM were applied to analyse the synthesised P. niruri - mediated silver nanoparticles (PN-AgNPs). The images from FESEM and TEM analysis show the AgNPs are in spherical shapes with surface sizes of 11 to 63 nm and 12 to 24 nm, respectively. The EDX spectrum indicates that the nanoparticles contain 88.46% silver. PN and PN-AgNPs were further investigated to see whether they have any anticancer properties against the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Both PN and PN-AgNPs were effective in killing cancer cells, but the results indicated that PN-AgNPs had higher cytotoxic effects than PN.
The terrestrial orchid Dienia ophrydis is valued for its therapeutic properties in the traditional folk medicine of China, Taiwan and Vietnam. The study aims to identify the potential biological activities from the whole-plant extract of D. ophrydis. Three solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and aqueous-ethanol were used for extraction. The anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of these extracts were evaluated. The chloroform and aqueous-ethanol extracts were effective in inhibiting the cancer cell growth with IC50 values of 58.2 μg/mL and 43.08 μg/mL, respectively in MCF-7 cell line. The DPPH assay showed a maximum percentage of inhibition in aqueous-ethanol extract with 90.64%. The maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 13.10±0.35 mm and 14.05±0.85 mm. The findings support the pharmacological benefits of D. ophrydis and highlight its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents.
Legumes are nutritionally dense, offering essential proteins and calories, and are especially important in meeting the dietary requirements of populations in developing regions. This study evaluates the nutritional and antioxidant properties of two species of legume plants inhabiting different habitats. Significant differences between Rhynchosia minima and Lablab purpureus seeds were found in proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, and fat content. The dried R. minima seeds showed the highest soluble and insoluble protein content (44.8 and 212 mg/g, respectively). Dried L. purpureus seeds contain more soluble carbohydrates (166 mg/g), while R. minima seeds contain more insoluble carbohydrates (230 mg/g). Fat content was higher in dried R. minima (2.84%), while fiber was higher in L. purpureus (65%). Phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities were also examined. Higher phenolic contents were represented in dried R. minima seeds of the methanolic extract, with a mean value of 103 mg/g. Also, the methanolic and water extracts of dried R. minima seeds generally contained significantly higher flavonoid content (16.8 and 18.2, respectively). The methanolic and aqueous extracts of dried and pre-matured R. minima seeds exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, achieving 92% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 200 μg. In contrast, Lablab showed a maximum scavenging activity of only 56% at the same concentration, observed solely in the methanolic extract of fresh seeds. Total antioxidant activity and reducing power activity were also higher in water and methanolic extract of fresh R. minima seeds. High concentrations of protein, phenolics, and antioxidants were observed in R. minima, highlighting its suitability as a potential source of vital food constituents.
In recent years, in vitro plant culture techniques have significantly contributed to the large-scale propagation of plants and the production of bioactive compounds. This study investigates the impact of various plant growth regulators, including auxins (IAA, IBA, and NAA) and cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin, and TDZ), on the growth and galantamine production in shoot cultures of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis cv. ‘Geumjanogdae’. One-year-old N. tazetta bulbs, which had been grown in a greenhouse, were used to regenerate shoots and establish in vitro cultures. The bulbs were zoomed in (2-3 bulbs were associated together in a flowering phase) exposed to a sterile environment and explants grew on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentration of auxins and cytokinins. The objective of the study was to optimize simultaneous shoot growth and galantamine, a pharmacologically active alkaloid with great therapeutic significance as an Alzheimer disease medication, biosynthesis conditions. The culture with fresh weight and the galantamine content from the results showed significant effects of hormone treatments. Among the auxins, 2 mg/L NAA resulted in a maximum of 14.03 g/flask of fresh weight, and 1 mg/L IBA gave the best galantamine content of 277.64 μg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. The highest fresh weight of plant was in TDZ 2 mg/L with 16.33 g/flask, while it had the lowest rank in BAP 4 mg/L. Cytokinin, especially BAP, perform a significant role on galantamine enhancement synthesis by shoot cultures. The treatment BAP 4 mg/L had the highest galantamine content (232.16 μg/g DW) than that of TDZ and Kinetin. The study proved that the use of auxins and cytokinins could be manipulated in a way that not only improved shoot growth but also considerably increased the level of bioactive compounds like galantamine. This study also provides a clearer insight for optimal in vitro culture conditions by showing the performance of growth regulators on N. tazetta, which can serve as result of the basic information for large scale production of galantamine for medicinal purposes. Moreover, this work serves as an initial step towards the subsequent optimization of other bioactive compounds in different plant species.
The present study investigates the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Indian Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) extracts obtained using ten different solvents with varying polarity. Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain the extracts, with hydroethanolic solvent yielding the highest extractable content. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and significant levels of sugar across all extracts. Quantitative estimations indicated that Acetone extract of D. kaki (7.23±0.5 mg GAE/g) and Ethyl acetate extract of D. kaki (4.54±0.01 mg QE/g) were particularly rich in total phenolics and flavonoids, while Aqueous extract of D. kaki (1016±0.36 mg GE/g) and Hydroethanol extract of D. kaki (1015±0.79 mg GE/g) exhibited higher carbohydrate content. Uronic acid and reducing sugar levels were also prominent in the Acetone extract of D. kaki (395.14±0.32 & 1255±2 mg GluA/g), suggesting efficient extraction of pectic and simple sugar fractions. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays. Among the tested extracts, Ethyl acetate extract of D. kaki (28.96 & 33.19 μg/mL) and Acetone extract of D. kaki (127.6 & 18.43 μg/mL) demonstrated notable antioxidant capacities, with IC50 values closely approaching that of the standard BHT in both assays. These findings underscore the influence of solvent polarity on phytochemical recovery and bioactivity, with mid-polar solvents proving most effective in extracting antioxidant constituents. The results highlight D. kaki fruit as a promising natural source of antioxidants with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in managing oxidative stress-related disorders such as colon cancer.
The genus Chlorophytum is renowned for its ornamental value and applications in traditional medicine, especially in tropical regions. This study presents the first report on the phytochemical screening, volatile compound profiling, and antioxidant activity of acetone extracts from the leaves and roots of Chlorophytum laxum. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed 34 and 22 volatile compounds in the leaf and root extracts, respectively. In the leaf extract, the major components identified were 2-pentanone, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-; 1,2,4-butanetriol; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-; n-hexadecanoic acid; neophytadiene; and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Conversely, the root extract predominantly contained 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The leaf and root acetone extracts exhibited IC50 values of 29.82±1.08 μg/mL and 52.46±2.51 μg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest potential applications for C. laxum in pharmaceutical and food industries and warrant further investigation into its bioactive properties and potential utilization.
This study assesses the nutritional and bactericidal characteristics of yeast-fermented herbs as prospective substitutes for antibiotics in animal feed. A fermentation process was conducted on five plants, namely Syzygium polyanthum, Curcuma longa, Andrographis paniculata, Orthosiphon stamineus, and Euphorbia hirta, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis conducted after fermentation showed notable alterations in the nutritional composition, with a rise in protein content and a decline in carbohydrate levels. The mineral profiling revealed fluctuations in nutrient contents, particularly significant increases in nitrogen and phosphorus. The antibacterial assays showed that fermented herbs were more effective against bacteria isolates, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophila, than non-fermented herbs. The study found that fermented Curcuma longa has a similar antibacterial effectiveness as tetracycline, making it a potential alternative antimicrobial agent in animal feed. The study reveals that yeast-fermented herbs might be a viable and efficient substitute for antibiotics in poultry production, while also being environmentally friendly.
