This study is primarily guided by Norbert Elias's Theory of Civilization; accordingly, it examines the historical-sociological foundations of the sportification process and explains the emergence of modern sport. Drawing on Elias and Dunning's concept of 'sportification,' the article examines how long-term transformations such as the limitation of violence, the control of emotions, and the rationalization of social relations have also transformed traditional game forms into modern sports. In this context, the study specifically draws attention to how violent and ritualistic Shrovetide and folk football practices in England have evolved over time into regulated, supervised, and institutionalized forms of football. The adoption of the Cambridge Rules (1848) represents the establishment of the Football Association in 1863, the recognition of professionalism in football, and the institutional stages of the transformation that took place. The data obtained in this context show that sportification points to much more than a technical adaptation process; modern sport emerges as a reflection of the self-regulation, discipline, regulation, and standardization processes specific to modern societies. Therefore, this study discusses the unique role of sport in modernization and social transformation processes within the context of figurative sociology. This discussion also invites a re-examination of the extent to which Elias's Theory of Civilization holds validity in both everyday life and the modernization process.
This research, conducted using a qualitative design, aimed to determine the educational needs of dyslexic children based on teachers’opinions. The study, included 11 classroom teachers and 7 special education teachers working with dyslexic children in different primary schools and rehabilitation centers. The ‘’Needs Assessment Form,’’ developed by the researchers, was used as the data collection tool. Data were obtained through individual interviews with teachers and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings were examined within the framework of three main themes: ‘’Education, Instruction, and Socialization.’’ The research results showed that teachers noted that dyslexic children’s reading errors generally stem from spelling and fluency errors; that learning materials unsuitable for children’s development hinder learning; that simplified, visually supported, and multisensory content increases learning motivation and effectiveness; and that children experience difficulties in following sequential instructions, managing time, and fulfilling their responsibilities, therefore needing short, clear, and visually supported instructions and activities aimed at structuring cognitive processes. The study indicated that children with dyslexia have difficulty communicating with their teachers and peers, take passive roles in group work, behave shyly in peer relationships, and are sometimes subjected to bullying. Some children may exhibit violent tendencies due to feeling misunderstood, and they need support in developing self-confidence. The findings reveal that in the educational processes of children with dyslexia, cognitive, emotional, and social needs should be considered alongside academic requirements. In conclusion, it can be said that providing a holistic education that takes into account the cognitive differences of children with dyslexia, appeals to multiple senses, facilitates instruction following, provides immediate feedback, encourages family participation and social interaction, and supports the development of self-confidence is important. Accordingly, it is recommended that intervention programs be prepared based on developmental, simple, accessible, individualized, and multisensory design principles.
Social media is key to promoting events, creating interactions and sharing messages with large audiences, especially in conjunction with digital transformation.This study looks at user-generated content on the X platform regarding the TEKNOFEST İzmir event. It uses social network analysis methods to obtain deep insights. These methods identify the network structure and dominant themes within it, which emerge from user interactions on social media during the TEKNOFEST İzmir event. The study examines how an event is reflected on social media as a public relations tool. It also examines the roles of high-impact actors in the flow of information, the extent of their centrality, and their bridging roles within the network. It also highlights the importance of large datasets for research, since social media contains them. This study analysed clusters formed on the TEKNOFEST İzmir network. The network had 143 groups of varying sizes, and the top 10 largest groups were visualised and their interactions evaluated. The most frequently used hashtags on the X platform were identified, and the dominant themes and messages were analysed. The study found that participation in the TEKNOFEST event had an impact both in physical spaces and on social media, demonstrating that the national technology vision has gained widespread acceptance.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of music teacher candidates regarding the use of creative drama practices. Within this scope, the sample comprised students enrolled in the pedagogical formation program at Ordu University’s Faculty of Music and Performing Arts in the 2024-2025 academic year, selected through a simple random sampling method. In total, 30 students participated in the study, of whom 17 were female (56.67%) and 13 were male (43.33%). Twelve creative drama activities prepared by the researchers were implemented. Subsequently, the students were asked to complete a semi-structured form gathering demographic information and their views on the practices. Grounded in a qualitative study design, the study adopted a descriptive case study approach. Analysis of the participants’ views revealed five themes related to creative drama. The themes are “socialization, sense of community, enjoyment/fun, relaxation, self and talent discovery. The analysis of the data revealed that participants most frequently emphasized the themes of sense of community (f10), socialization (f9), and self- and talent development (f9). The findings suggest that pre-service music teachers generally hold positive attitudes toward the use of creative drama. Although the majority reported having had no prior training in this area, they expressed a clear willingness to receive such instruction. Furthermore, the participants highlighted the applicability of creative drama within music lessons, underscoring its perceived value as a pedagogical tool.
Rapid urbanization driven by the effects of urbanization has led to distorted urban formations, dense construction, and a pattern in which open spaces for city dwellers to breathe cannot be created. When looking at city centers, this situation becomes more apparent. In recent years, with the increasing competition brought by globalization, the idea of transforming cities into "brand cities" has been one of the reasons why urban transformation projects have come to the forefront. In addition to urban decay areas, city centers with high density and visual chaos have become places where various interventions such as rehabilitation, regulation, and redevelopment are implemented. While these interventions include positive arrangements such as the placement of urban amenities, landscaping, and pedestrianization to enhance user comfort, the failure to preserve the unique character of cities and the faceless interventions on building façades have resulted in the emergence of uniform urban textures in many locations. Moreover, the transformation of façades on streets, where city dwellers interact daily, has led to the destruction of the urban memory formed over the years. However, the effects of this destruction on place attachment, or in other words, a sense of belonging, are often overlooked.This study examines Çiftlik Street, one of the busiest streets in the city center of Samsun, as a case study. Çiftlik Street underwent rehabilitation to facilitate pedestrian circulation and eliminate the visual pollution caused by signage and advertisements. However, during the interventions on building façades, visual cues that aided memory recall were also removed. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a street rehabilitation process, where functions remain unchanged but visual mnemonic elements are eliminated, on urban memory. In this context, the research explores whether the transformation of the street has caused problems in the process of recognition, retrieval, and recall (memory destruction), whether a new layer of memory (meaning/image) has formed for the city dwellers, and whether the residents living on the street have experienced a loss of place attachment. The study was designed using a qualitative approach, employing an in-depth interview technique, with a semi-structured interview form as the data collection tool. The findings indicate that, in addition to losing its former significance due to the inability of residents to continue their previous spatial practices, the street has also failed to create a new layer of meaning or memory.
The rapid and accurate detection of the effects of fires threatening forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin is of vital importance for post-fire rehabilitation processes. In this study, the intensity of forest fires that occurred in Mersin-Silifke in 2025 was analyzed using Sentinel-2 satellite data and a multispectral index approach (dNBR, RBR, dSAVI). Difference maps obtained by processing pre- and post-fire images were classified according to USGS standards, and spatial changes were calculated. According to the analysis results, a total area of 7933.64 hectares was affected by the fire, and the burn intensity was predominantly concentrated in the “Low” and “Medium-Low” classes. When comparing index performances, it was found that the dNBR and RBR indices produced parallel results, but the soil-corrected dSAVI index showed higher sensitivity to biomass loss. Indeed, while the RBR index could not detect the “Medium-High Severity” class in the field, the soil-corrected dSAVI index showed an area of 658.39 hectares (8.3%) in this class in the same field. dSAVI modeled burn intensity more clearly than dNBR and RBR, especially in areas with maquis formations. In areas with sparse vegetation cover, it is recommended to use different indices that incorporate soil cover, such as dSAVI, rather than relying on a single index.
One of the most critical periods of human life is old age. Because healthy and successful aging processes increase the average human life expectancy. The prolongation of life affects the old age period, which is one of the periods of life. In other words, although the average human life-span increases, it is the period of old age that gets longer. It is increasingly important for society and aging individuals to spend this period healthily and actively considering the aging tendency of the demographic structure. Thus, it is crucial to design, shape and rank the criteria necessary for effectively managing healthy and active aging. Classification is made possible by being able to choose according to the incompatibilities between the alternatives formed by the options and to create a category within this framework. This method is defined as multi-criteria decision making. A multi-criteria decision-making method creates a systematic order among complex, intricate and contradictory alternatives. This method provides systematic solutions to incompatibilities between alternatives. One of the most widely used multi-criteria decision-making methods is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP provides a hierarchical ranking of criteria in the decision-making process. In this study, the criteria for healthy and active aging were analyzed in order of importance. Thus, prioritized factors that can improve people's quality of life were identified. In the study, the criteria needed for healthy and active aging were evaluated using the AHP method in both quantitative and qualitative contexts and the data were analyzed through the resulting mapping. With this method, it is aimed to determine the hierarchical priorities of the criteria for staying healthy and adopting an active life and to put forward a predictive initiative. According to the analysis results, the top five criteria for active and healthy aging are “managing chronic diseases in old age, regular health checkups in old age, effective safety and adequate housing, regular exercise habits in old age, and maintaining a sleep routine in old age.”
This study aims to examine the functions of music centers and music associations operating at the local level in Afyonkarahisar within educational, social, and cultural dimensions. The research seeks to reveal how these institutions function not only as spaces for music education and performance but also as multifaceted structures that support local cultural continuity, strengthen social interaction, and expand musical learning opportunities. Designed as a qualitative case study, the research data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives of five music centers and four music associations actively operating in Afyonkarahisar. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis, and the findings were organized under thematic categories. The results indicate that music centers and associations contribute to local music education and professional orientation processes, support social inclusion through activities involving disadvantaged groups, volunteer-based initiatives, and public music events, and play an active role in shaping the city’s cultural memory through concerts, festivals, and production-oriented practices. By approaching local music institutions from a functional perspective and making visible their role in cultural sustainability in small- and medium-sized cities, this study offers an original contribution to the existing literature.
The aim of this study is to test whether corporate social responsibility affects organizational citizenship behavior. From the perspective of Artvin Çoruh University Hopa Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences’ students who constitute the sample; impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational citizenship behavior has been examined. Additionally, distribution of independent and dependent variables according to demographic characteristics have been detected. First of all corporate social responsibility and organizational citizenship behavior concepts have been explained within the scope of the conceptual framework. Following this, researches conducted on the subject in Türkiye and their results have been mentioned. In the last section, an application carried out in Artvin Çoruh University Hopa Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is included and its results have been discussed. The main result of the study is generally positive and linear relationships have been found between corporate social responsibility and organizational citizenship behavior. In other words; the higher level of students' perception of corporate social responsibility, the higher organizational citizenship behaviors are being shown by them. Another result of this study is that students perceive corporate social responsibility practices as positive. Additionally, it has been identified that students show organizational citizenship behaviors. Moreover, meaningful distributions of both independent and dependent variables according to demographic characteristics of age, class, geographic region, family income level and number of sibling have been detected.
This study delves into the dynamic interplay between tax burden, economic growth, and foreign direct investments (FDI) in E7 countries, employing panel data analysis for the period 1999–2022. By incorporating inflation, external debt stocks, gross savings, and capital formation as control variables, the research uncovers how taxation shapes macroeconomic decisions and investment dynamics. The findings reveal that high tax burdens deter FDI inflows, while efficient and stable tax systems facilitate development. Moreover, external debt stocks and indirect taxes adversely affect capital formation and investment costs, whereas economic growth alleviates the tax burden by broadening the tax base. Inflation, on the other hand, erodes the real value of tax revenues, necessitating meticulous fiscal management. Country-specific results underscore the varying impacts of these factors across E7 nations. For instance, in Turkey, economic growth significantly reduces the tax burden, while in India, domestic savings play a mitigating role. In China, inflationary pressures ease the effective tax burden, providing short-term relief yet posing risks to fiscal sustainability. Furthermore, policy implications suggest that reforms targeting investment-friendly tax systems could enhance economic performance. The analysis highlights the importance of balanced tax structures and strategic allocation of public revenues to infrastructure, education, and healthcare to foster sustainable economic growth. These insights provide valuable policy guidance for emerging economies aiming to optimize tax systems for long-term development while ensuring social equity and fiscal responsibility
This study does not merely summarize the literature on communication theories at the level of content; rather, it maps the relational structure of publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection under the keyword phrase “communication theories” using Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA). The WoS search yielded a dataset of 597 publications covering the period 1980–2024. The dataset was analyzed in terms of annual publication trends; the distribution of journals and subject categories; leading author and country contributions; citation performance; and keyword co-occurrence networks. Co-citation and co-authorship networks were used to identify the field’s core references and collaboration clusters. The resulting maps reveal how theoretical orientations have shifted over time toward particular themes and which nodes have assumed bridging roles. The findings indicate that the literature accumulating around the phrase “communication theories” is not confined to a single subfield; instead, it forms clusters across media studies, cultural approaches, critical traditions, and interdisciplinary themes. By making the field’s thematic concentrations, key actors, and collaboration patterns visible, the results offer a data-driven roadmap and conceptual focal points for subsequent theoretical debates and research designs.
This study explores the relationship between occupational burnout, mindfulness, and ontological well-being through a case study of port employees in İzmit, Türkiye. A quantitative research design was employed, using the relational screening model. Data were collected from 622 participants through four tools: the Ontological Well-Being Scale, Mindfulness Scale, Occupational Burnout Scale, and a demographic information form. Analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 27 and Jamovi (2023). Normality was verified through skewness and kurtosis values, and parametric tests were used accordingly. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between mindfulness and ontological well-being, and negative correlations between both variables and occupational burnout. Mediation analysis, using the Bootstrap method, indicated that occupational burnout partially mediates the relationship between mindfulness and ontological well-being. These results suggest that mindfulness may enhance well-being by reducing burnout levels. Further findings showed that gender had a significant effect on ontological well-being, but not on mindfulness or burnout. Marital status, education level, age, job position, and department did not significantly affect mindfulness or ontological well-being, although some influenced burnout. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of mindfulness in promoting well-being and mitigating occupational burnout in high-stress work environments such as ports. The findings emphasize the value of psychological resilience and suggest that mindfulness-based practices could be beneficial in occupational health strategies. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on employee well-being in the maritime and logistics sectors, offering practical insights for future organizational interventions.
Deafblind individuals experience concurrent visual and hearing impairments whose combined and multiplicative effects generate distinctive educational needs. In Türkiye, deafblindness is not formally recognized as an independent disability category within special education legislation and is generally subsumed under the broader classification of multiple disabilities. This categorical positioning shapes data production, service planning, professional specialization, and institutional coordination; however, its structural implications have not been sufficiently examined through a comparative policy analysis lens. This study analyzes the legal and institutional framework governing deafblind education in Türkiye and comparatively examines it in relation to the U.S. Deaf-Blind Projects model.The research employs a qualitative comparative policy analysis based on systematic document analysis. Legal regulations, policy documents, institutional reports, and relevant academic literature from both the United States and Türkiye were examined across five thematic dimensions: (1) legal definition and identification processes, (2) national-level coordination and funding/technical assistance mechanisms, (3) local service organization, (4) curriculum and educational programming, and (5) specialist personnel and role frameworks.Findings indicate that in the United States, defining deafblindness as an independent disability category is structurally linked to a multi-tiered service architecture integrating federal funding mechanisms, national data monitoring systems, and coordinated technical assistance networks. The Hawaiʻi and Pacific Deaf-Blind Project (HPDBP) provides an illustrative case of how flexible and context-responsive support models can be sustained across geographically dispersed regions. In contrast, the placement of deafblind learners under multiple disabilities in Türkiye situates services within the general special education framework, limiting category-specific data tracking, specialization pathways, and coordinated national capacity.Drawing on these comparative findings, the study proposes a context-responsive policy framework for Türkiye. This framework emphasizes clarifying the legal status of deafblindness, strengthening category-specific data systems, enhancing national technical assistance capacity, integrating the Expanded Core Curriculum into educational planning, and institutionalizing the intervener role. By conceptualizing deafblind education as a system-design and governance issue rather than solely a pedagogical concern, the study contributes structurally to the comparative education policy literature.
As part of their relationship with the surrounding environment, humans inherently seek to define and name objects and locations. Throughout history, every civilization has named the cities and states they founded, the geography they inhabited, and the works they created. Street and road names, especially in cities, are navigational tools that help users reach specific addresses and find their way. Road names often offer important insights about the socio-cultural structure, natural resource values, and history of the region. Inferences about the landscape of cities can be made by reading road names. With this approach, the aim of this study is to reveal the reflections of natural and cultural landscape terms in road names in Perşembe. Road names accessed from digital repositories were included in one of 14 categories, eight of which were natural and six cultural landscape terms. Road names using both natural and cultural landscape terms together were evaluated as a third category. A total of 508 road names were identified in the 54 neighborhoods of the district. However, a significant majority (n=349) of the identified hodonyms incorporate either natural or cultural landscape descriptors. In natural landscape terminology, the most frequently encountered words in road names are those indicating direction or location, landforms, and plant species. In cultural landscape terminology, the most frequently used words are proper names, names of historical figures, or words referring to an ancestry.
This study compares the 2018 Science Course Curriculum and the 2024 Türkiye Century Education Model Science Course Curriculum using a document analysis approach within the scope of qualitative research. In the study, both programs were analyzed in detail in terms of their objectives, content, teaching-learning processes, and measurement and evaluation. The findings revealed that the 2018 program aimed to raise individuals with moral integrity and self-awareness and to develop scientific literacy, while the 2024 program adopted a student-centered and holistic educational approach. In terms of content, the 2018 program emphasized interdisciplinary and inquiry-based learning, while the 2024 program emphasized scientific inquiry, engineering design, and skill-based learning approaches. In terms of teaching-learning processes, the 2018 program had an outcome-focused structure, while the 2024 program exhibited a theme- and unit-based structure. In terms of measurement and evaluation, the 2018 program emphasizes flexible and multifaceted assessment methods, while the 2024 program is based on a formative and skill-focused assessment approach. Furthermore, it was determined that 64 new concepts were added to the 2024 program, and 35 concepts were similar to the 2018 program.
In a developing and changing world, the skills that education policies expect from individuals have also changed and developed. 21st century skills have been classified, defined and named by many researchers, institutions and organizations. In order for individuals to be able to adapt to the changes that occur, to be able to select information from the masses of rapidly produced information and to use it in their daily lives, they need to have high-level skills and competencies as well as basic skills. These skills and competencies that individuals should have in the information society are called 21st century skills. In the Turkish Century Education Model, which has been put into practice since the 2024-2025 academic year, seventeen field skills related to 21st century skills have been identified and included in the programs. In this study, it is aimed to examine how 21st century skills are handled in the context of classes and courses in primary school programs that have been changed and put into practice in line with the Education Model. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Within the scope of the research, the skills addressed in primary school programs were coded and findings regarding the distribution of skills according to classes and courses were obtained. As a result of the research, it was determined that some skills were emphasized heavily while others were emphasized less.
Following the end of the Second World War, Turkish-Soviet relations rapidly deteriorated. The Soviet Union’s territorial claims against Turkey and its desire to establish control over the Turkish Straits compelled Ankara to seek closer ties with the Western bloc. In this context, relations between Turkey and the United States after 1947 developed on the basis of military and economic cooperation. Within the framework of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, the aid provided to Turkey was perceived by the Soviet Union as a threat to regional security. During the 1960s, incidents such as the U-2 Crisis, the deployment of Jupiter missiles, and defense cooperation under NATO further consolidated Turkey’s position within the Western alliance. However, during the Brezhnev era, a notable softening in Soviet diplomatic attitudes emerged. Between 1964 and 1969, a series of high-level reciprocal visits and joint declarations strengthened mutual trust and cooperation between the two countries. Throughout this period, the Cyprus issue, economic and technical cooperation, military modernization, and regional security were key topics of discussion. Despite belonging to opposing ideological blocs, both sides managed to sustain constructive relations based on dialogue and pragmatism. This study, drawing upon Soviet archival materials and official sources, seeks to analyze how Turkish-Soviet relations were balanced under the conditions of the Cold War, to identify the main factors behind the diplomatic détente, and to explain how mutual confidence was gradually established. Ultimately, Soviet sources indicate that despite Turkey’s strategic alignment with the West, the 1960s witnessed a tangible process of improvement and normalization in bilateral relations.
Critical thinking is conceptualized as the process of making logical decisions by analyzing and evaluating information and thoughts. Problem-solving, on the other hand, is defined as the comprehensive process of generating potential solutions to transform a situation into a desired outcome. These competencies are crucial, particularly for university students in emerging adulthood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities among undergraduate students in child development. A quantitative relational survey design was employed. The sample consisted of 232 undergraduate students enrolled in the Child Development Department at Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University. The findings indicated no significant differences in problem-solving skills and critical thinking dispositions based on parents’ occupations or educational levels. Additionally, no substantial correlations were found between students' ages, their total number of siblings, and their problem-solving skills. However, a small but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between undergraduates’ ages and the sub-dimensions of metacognition, flexibility, systematic thinking, perseverance, and patience within the critical thinking disposition scale. Similarly, a low but significant positive relationship was found between the number of siblings and all sub-dimensions of the critical thinking disposition scale. Furthermore, no significant association was identified between students' grade point averages (GPAs) and either their problem-solving or critical thinking skills. The study revealed that as child development undergraduates’ critical thinking dispositions increased, their problem-solving skills also improved. Specifically, critical thinking dispositions were found to explain 31% of the variance in problem-solving skills.
This research aims to examine the reflections of existential anxiety on the language of expression in contemporary art within the framework of four basic concepts (death, freedom, loneliness / isolation and meaninglessness) in Irvin D. Yalom's existential psychotherapy theory. The conceptual framework of the research is based on the basic thinkers of existential philosophy (Heidegger, Sartre, Kierkegaard) and Yalom's definitions of existential anxiety. The problem is how the existential anxieties of the individual find expression in contemporary art productions and how these anxieties are addressed through the language of artistic expression.The research adopted a qualitative approach and used document analysis and content analysis methods. Focusing on post-1980 contemporary art production, four artists (Araya Rasdjarmrearnsook, Anna Wypych, Marius Ritiu and Tetsuya Ishida) who deal with themes of existential anxiety were selected as the sample. Their works were analyzed in the context of the themes of death, freedom, loneliness/isolation and meaninglessness. The limitations of the study are that it focuses on the works of only four artists and that these works are discussed in a specific historical and cultural context.The results show that the artists express existential anxiety through different techniques (painting, installation, video) and metaphors. For example, Rasdjarmrearnsook deals with the theme of death in an ironic way, while Wypych explores freedom in the context of difficult decisions and responsibility. Ritiu, inspired by Camus' The Myth of Sisyphus, deals with the theme of meaninglessness, while Ishida reflects the pressure of modern society on the individual through the themes of loneliness and alienation.The research reveals that art is a powerful tool in the process of expressing and confronting one's existential anxieties. Recommendations include examining the therapeutic and educational role of art, increasing interdisciplinary studies and exploring the audience perspective.
Many countries continue to rely predominantly on fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. The gradual depletion of these resources, together with their adverse environmental impacts, has intensified the global search for renewable energy sources (RES). This transition is particularly critical for the tourism sector, which is highly dependent on environmental quality as a core attraction. Owing to its geographical location, Türkiye possesses considerable ecological and climatic diversity, rendering different regions suitable for a wide range of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric power. Despite these advantages, approximately 70% of Türkiye’s total energy demand is met through external sources. In response, the country has introduced a series of public policies aimed at strengthening domestic energy markets, promoting local equipment manufacturing, attracting foreign investment, and enhancing energy efficiency. Within this context, the primary objective of this review article is to examine the status and potential of renewable energy sources in Türkiye and to assess the role of public policies in facilitating renewable energy deployment within the broader framework of energy supply security and sustainable development. The review indicates that Türkiye has achieved substantial progress in expanding its renewable energy capacity through state-led initiatives. Nevertheless, the findings also highlight a persistent gap between the country’s renewable energy potential and its actual level of utilization. While existing public policies contribute positively to energy efficiency and security of supply, more comprehensive structural reforms and targeted financial instruments are required to fully unlock Türkiye’s renewable energy potential.
