In the 21st century, critical thinking skills have become a crucial competency in physics education for understanding the concepts behind complex natural phenomena; however, prior research has rarely explored digital-based learning models specifically capable of measuring improvements in these skills among students. This research aims to determine the critical thinking skills of students through the application of active learning strategies at senior high school twenty-two Makassar. The type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive survey method to obtain data. The population in this research was all class eleventh students with a physics interest at senior high school twenty-two Makassar, which consists of ten classes with a total of three hundred fifty-one students. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The sample of this research was one hundred thirty-nine students. The variables in this research were critical thinking skills and active learning strategies. The data obtained showed that the critical thinking skills of students were mostly in the low category with a percentage reaching sixty-eight percent. The factors that made the scores of students' critical thinking skills predominantly in the low category were the application of active learning strategies in physics subjects that were not optimal because they are accustomed to memorizing, have little mastery of concepts, and are not trained in critical thinking. These findings indicate that a limited understanding of concepts and a lack of opportunities to practice critical thinking may contribute to students' low critical thinking skills. Implications for physics teachers or curriculum developers regarding the optimization of active learning strategies to enhance critical thinking skills
Technology development affects the quality of learning activity, so it needs some IT-learning-based media development. The purpose of the research to determine the effectiveness of using Problem Based Learning (PBL) e-modules in improving students' critical thinking skills in green chemistry Class X SMA/MA. This study was a quasi-experimental by using a nonequivalent control group design. The samples of the study consisted of 2 classes, namely X1 and X2. The sampling technique is a purposive sampling technique. The analysis results using independent sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The data analysis results of critical thinking skills used N-gain score test; the experimental class obtained a score of 0.72, in which it belonged to the high category. Meanwhile, the average N-gain score for the control class was 0.47, in which it belonged to the medium category. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the students’ critical thinking skills between the experimental class and the control class. Therefore, the implementation of Problem Based Learning e-module can be an alternative to improve the students’ critical thinking skills in green chemistry Class X SMA/MA.
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, practically and effectiveness of articulate storyline interactive learning media to improve student’s scientific reasoning in mechanical waves material. The development adopted the Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The study used pretest-post test control research design on 64 students of class XI at one of the senior high school in Yogyakarta. The students were divided into two trial classes: X, the expriment class, and Y as the control class. The result of this study indicated that develompment of articulate storyline interactive learning media is effective to improve student’s scientific reasoning. This is envident form the result of the feasibilty assesment by expert lecturers and practitioners scored very well. The effectiveness of the articulate storyline interactive learning is demonstrated by the average rise in posttest scores, showing an N-gain test result of 0. 34, which falls into the medium range. In addition, the effect size value is 0,536 in the medium category. As well as obtaining the effectiveness of its use the medium effect for student’s scientific reasoning. Learning using articulate storyline interactive learning media is more effective and positively impacts student in learning physics, especially in mechanical waves material
The rapid digital transformation in education has necessitated the development of innovative learning media to simplify abstract physics concepts, particularly in challenging topics such as Fluid Mechanics. This study aims to map the global research landscape and identify research gaps regarding the integration of flipbook-based e-modules with collaborative and deep learning approaches in physics education. Employing a bibliometric analysis method, metadata from 2015 to 2025 were retrieved from the Scopus database and visualized using VOSviewer. The results indicate a steady increase in publications related to digital interactive modules; however, a significant "structural gap" was identified between the technical development of flipbooks and the implementation of deep learning pedagogical frameworks. Keyword co-occurrence mapping reveals that while flipbooks are widely recognized for engagement, their synergy with collaborative-deep learning strategies remains largely unexplored in the context of high school physics. Furthermore, research specifically targeting fluid mechanics within this digital-pedagogical intersection is limited. These findings validate the novelty of developing a flipbook-based physics e-module integrated with collaborative-deep learning to foster higher-order thinking skills. This study provides a strategic "research compass" for educators and developers, suggesting that future innovations should transition from basic digitalization toward deeply rooted pedagogical integration to enhance conceptual mastery.
This study addresses the low learning outcomes in Pancasila Education at SDN 27 Cangkiang, which are associated with the use of learning media that do not accommodate students’ learning styles. The study aims to develop Pop-Up Book learning media that are valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ motivation and learning outcomes. A Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model was employed, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Needs analysis was conducted through classroom observations and teacher interviews. Media validity was assessed by subject matter and media experts, while practicality was evaluated by teachers and fifth-grade students selected purposively based on their active participation in Pancasila Education learning. Media effectiveness was measured using pre-test and post-test scores analyzed with the N-Gain formula. The results showed that the Pop-Up Book media achieved a very high validity score (mean = 5.00), very high practicality according to teachers (4.87) and students (4.90), and high effectiveness with an N-Gain score of 0.86, indicating a significant improvement in students’ conceptual understanding. In conclusion, the Pop-Up Book media is valid, very practical, and effective for enhancing students’ motivation and learning outcomes in Pancasila Education.
This article explores molecular structures and chemical reactions in augmented reality (AR) created between 2021-2025. The goal of this research is to identify the most advanced forms of augmented reality, materials related to molecular structures and chemical reactions that have been developed as augmented reality, and the benefits of augmented reality in the study of these topics. This study's methodology is a systematic review of the literature. Three steps are involved in conducting a systematic literature review: planning, implementation, and reporting. This article have 16 publications were found using the criteria based on the study's findings, and additional analysis was done. The analysis's findings demonstrate how different kinds of augmented reality, both marker-based and markerless, are generated molecular structures and chemical reactions. The most advanced useful is hybrid AR for molecular structures and chemical reactions. The most advanced content in the form of instructional games includes geometry and symmetrical molecules, which have been demonstrated to enhance students' molecular comprehension
This research aims to develop learning media in the form of instructional videos and e-modules for Windows installation using Oracle VM VirtualBox, and to assess their validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving the competency of Grade XI Computer and Networking Engineering (TKJ) students at SMK Negeri 3 Mukomuko. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, comprising five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The effectiveness test used a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and pretest-posttest assessments covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Results show that both media are valid, with mean validity scores of 0.87 for the instructional video and 0.88 for the e-module. Both are practical, with practicality rates of 88% and 89% respectively. In terms of effectiveness, cognitive outcomes improved from 67.36 to 87.16 (p = 0.001), affective outcomes from 63.43 to 84.47 (p = 0.000), and psychomotor outcomes from 52.38 to 81.42 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the combination of visual demonstration and self-directed conceptual guidance, supported by a safe virtual practice environment, effectively addresses the procedural learning challenges commonly faced in operating system installation instruction. The instructional video and e-module for Windows installation using Oracle VM VirtualBox are thus declared valid, practical, and effective as learning media for the Operating System Installation and Configuration subject, and are recommended as a replicable model for other procedural vocational learning topics.
The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the Question Box-assisted Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model affects the sub-material excretory system collaboration skills of junior high school students in grade VIII. The research used a quasi-experimental design in the form of a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 23 students in class VIII-C as the experimental class and 20 students in class VIII-F as the control class, determined by purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation sheets during two meetings, then analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Effect Size. The result showed that there was no significant difference in collaboration ability between the experimental class and the control class (Mann-Whitney U = 152.000, p = 0.057 > 0.05). Nonetheless, the experimental class showed greater descriptive improvement than the control class. The calculated effect size (r = 0.3) indicates a moderate practical effect. These findings indicate the potential of the TGT model assisted by Question Box to support students’ collaboration skills in classroom practice, although the difference between the experimental and control classes was not statistically significant
The rapid advancement of science and technology requires educational systems to address the limited integration of deep learning practices that effectively develop 21st-century competencies in prospective elementary school teachers. This study aims to examine how the SmartEdu application supports the implementation of deep learning in science education. A qualitative exploratory design was employed, involving classroom observations, interviews, and document analysis, with data analyzed through thematic analysis. The results demonstrate that SmartEdu facilitates the integration of theoretical knowledge with authentic problem-solving, structured discussions, and reflective evaluation, significantly enhancing conceptual understanding, higher-order thinking skills, and learner autonomy. In conclusion, SmartEdu effectively promotes meaningful, contextual, and sustainable science learning while strengthening critical, creative, collaborative, communicative, and reflective competencies. These findings imply that technology-supported deep learning frameworks can serve as a strategic model for improving teacher education programs.
A project-based learning module on mechanical separation in chemical engineering operations has been tested for validity and practicality. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using this module to improve the problem-solving skills of Phase F students majoring in industrial chemical engineering at a vocational high school (SMK). This research is a quasi-experimental study employing a pretest-posttest control group design. The research population consists of Phase F students at SMK Negeri 1 Koto Besar. The sampling technique used is random sampling. Class XI TKI 2 serves as the experimental group, while class XI TKI 1 serves as the control group. Based on the t-test results of the problem-solving skills posttest, the calculated t-value is 21.96, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.67 (tcount = 21.96 > ttable = 1.67). This indicates that using the project-based learning module for mechanical separation in chemical engineering operations effectively improves the problem-solving skills of Phase F vocational high school students
Implementing inclusive education in science classrooms requires instructional transformations that can accommodate diverse learning modalities. This study aims to analyze trends, challenges, and instructional innovations in inclusive science education, focusing on the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework and adaptive media for students with special needs. The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA protocol. A total of 15 peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2026 indexed in Sinta and Scopus were analyzed. The thematic synthesis indicates that the integration of UDL and adaptive digital media—such as interactive e-modules, virtual laboratories, and 3D manipulative models—significantly reduces cognitive load and enhances students' conceptual understanding and science process skills. The analysis reveals that UDL combined with local context-based learning achieves the highest instructional efficacy (40%). However, disparities in teachers' pedagogical competencies and inaccessible physical laboratory infrastructures remain critical challenges. This study recommends continuous collaborative professional development between science teachers and special education professionals to foster an accessible science learning ecosystem
This literature review examines the development of an interactive, web-based instructional model integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics with Project-Based Learning (STEM-PjBL) for physics material, aimed at improving the conceptual understanding of prospective (pre-service) teacher students. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, 336 records were identified from Scopus- and SINTA-indexed databases and other sources; after removing duplicates and screening for relevance, 20 primary studies published between 2018 and 2025 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The review finds that web-based STEM-PjBL models consistently improve conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, with reported effect sizes ranging from moderate to high (Cohen's d = 0.72–1.85; N-gain 0.30–0.59). Interactivity, authentic project design, and technology-enhanced pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) emerge as the strongest predictors of learning gains among prospective teachers. Gaps remain in longitudinal evaluation, adaptive/AI-supported personalization, and standardized instruments for measuring conceptual change. The review proposes a conceptual web-based STEM-PjBL physics model and recommends directions for future research and development.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health problem in Indonesia, particularly in the West Nusa Tenggara region. Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) for household contacts of drug-sensitive (DS) TB patients is a key strategy for TB elimination; however, TPT coverage at Puskesmas Pelangan, West Lombok Regency, remains at only 25.25%, far below the national target. This study aimed to describe knowledge, attitude, family support, and TPT success, and to analyze the relationship between each of these variables and the success of TPT administration among household contacts of DS-TB patients. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in 2025 in the working area of Puskesmas Pelangan, West Lombok Regency, using the TB program database for the 2024–2025 period. Samples were taken purposively from all registered household contacts of DS-TB patients. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and a review of the Puskesmas Pelangan TB program records. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Puskesmas Pelangan's TPT achievement (25.25%) ranked second highest in West Lombok after Sesela (61.62%), yet remained very low compared with the national standard. Most respondents had poor knowledge (62.5%), a negative attitude toward TPT (58.3%), and low family support (53.8%). Bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between knowledge (p = 0.012), attitude (p = 0.008), and family support (p = 0.003) with TPT success. Knowledge, attitude, and family support were each independently and significantly associated with TPT success. Family support was the most dominant factor. Interventions to strengthen family capacity and community education are needed to improve TPT achievement in the working area of Puskesmas Pelangan.
Vegetation plays an essential role in regulating soil fertility through nutrient cycling, organic matter accumulation, and interactions with soil microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical characteristics and soil fertility status under vegetation dominated by Mimosa invisa L., Crotalaria anagyroides L., and Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv. in Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from the 0–20 cm layer using a non-factorial randomized block design with five replications. Soil chemical analyses included pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and exchangeable hydrogen. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that vegetation type significantly affected available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium but had no significant effects on soil pH, total nitrogen, exchangeable potassium, magnesium, sodium, CEC, ESP, or exchangeable hydrogen. Soils under Mimosa invisa generally exhibited higher soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, CEC, and exchangeable calcium than those under Crotalaria anagyroides and Imperata cylindrica. High exchangeable sodium and ESP values across all vegetation types indicated persistent effects of seawater intrusion following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. These findings demonstrate that vegetation type influences nutrient cycling and selected soil chemical properties, with leguminous vegetation showing greater potential to improve soil fertility. The study provides valuable information for developing sustainable soil management and ecological restoration strategies in tropical coastal ecosystems.
Science instruction in many schools remains verbalistic and disconnected from students' everyday experiences, limiting conceptual understanding and environmental care attitudes. This study examined the effectiveness of audiovisual-based learning grounded in local wisdom for improving science concept understanding and environmental care attitudes among ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Singkohor, Aceh Singkil, using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. A one-group pretest-posttest design was applied to ten students using a validated 20-item multiple-choice instrument, followed by a qualitative phase with six purposively selected students representing high, medium, and low conceptual gain, examined through participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. The average score rose from 61.00 to 91.50, yielding an N-Gain of 0.79 (high category), though the small sample limits statistical generalization. Qualitative findings showed local wisdom bridged abstract concepts, and environmentally responsible behaviors emerged spontaneously at school, though this awareness did not consistently extend to plastic use at home. These results suggest that local-wisdom-based audiovisual learning can strengthen conceptual understanding and environmental awareness, while broader application warrants further testing.
This needs assessment study reveals a significant gap between the demands of the Merdeka Curriculum and the actual conditions of disaster-related learning about volcanoes in schools located in high-risk eruption areas of West Sumatra. Although the learning outcomes require students to design simple mitigation strategies, most schools have not achieved these competencies due to students’ low understanding of evacuation procedures and disaster preparedness. This situation is exacerbated by limited infrastructure: the majority of schools lack functional science laboratories and have very restricted internet access. However, there is strong potential shown by students' high enthusiasm for creative project-based learning. Therefore, the development of low-cost, low-tech, fully offline interactive project media using local or recycled materials is urgently needed. Such media are expected to improve students' scientific understanding of volcanic hazards, enhance disaster literacy, and foster creativity, critical thinking, and the competencies mandated in the Pancasila Student Profile. Thus, this media development serves as a strategic solution to support sustainable education in disaster-prone regions.
Teacher performance (TP) is a key determinant of educational quality, making it important to understand the organizational factors that enhance teachers’ effectiveness. This study examined the influence of principal instructional leadership (PIL) and school culture (SC) on TP among senior high school teachers. A quantitative research design was employed involving 261 teachers from 19 public senior high schools in one regency of Jambi Province, Indonesia, selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. The results indicated that both PIL and SC had significant positive effects on TP. Compared with PIL, SC contributed more strongly to teacher performance. Moreover, the combined effects of PIL and SC explained teacher performance better than either variable individually, suggesting that effective instructional leadership and a positive school culture jointly enhance teachers’ professional performance. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening instructional leadership practices while fostering a supportive school culture to improve teacher performance and promote educational quality. The study concludes that integrating effective leadership with a positive organizational culture provides a practical strategy for enhancing teacher performance in senior high schools.
Local rice germplasm is a valuable genetic resource for developing bacterial leaf blight (BLB)-resistant and high-yielding rice cultivars. However, information on the resistance of Southwest Aceh local rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), particularly during the generative stage, remains limited. Previous studies have mainly focused on commercial cultivars or vegetative-stage screening, leaving the resistance potential of local germplasm at the reproductive stage largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of local rice to BLB at the generative stage of plant growth. The research was conducted at Experimental Field, Teuku Umar University. West Aceh (4°08′33″ N; 96°11′54″ E). Fifteen local rice genotypes, together with resistant and susceptible control varieties, were evaluated following artificial inoculation with Xoo strain VIII. Disease resistance was assessed based on incubation period and lesion length, while agronomic performance was evaluated using key yield-related traits. Seven local genotypes Itam Tangke Lango, Jantong, Jempa Puteh, Manyam U, Pade Manggeng-1, Pade Manggeng-2, and Rangan Lango were classified as resistant based on lesion length. Among the evaluated genotypes, Sikleng exhibited superior agronomic performance, producing the highest number of productive tillers (27.50) and grains per panicle (317.73). The novelty of this study lies in evaluating Southwest Aceh local rice germplasm for bacterial leaf blight resistance at the generative stage using Xoo strain VIII while integrating disease resistance with yield-related agronomic traits. The identified resistant genotypes provide valuable donor parents for breeding BLB-resistant, high-yielding rice cultivars and contribute to sustainable rice production and regional food security.
This study aims to develop a Reading, Finding, Discussing, and Talking (RFDT) learning model that encompasses socio-scientific issues and Islamic values to improve students' scientific literacy. This model is considered more comprehensive in developing students' knowledge and skills. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The sample in the study amounted to 48 students taken using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through observation techniques, interviews, validation questionnaires, and scientific literacy tests, then descriptive analysis was carried out using normalized gain and inferential analysis using an independent t-test. The results showed that the developed model was considered very valid by experts with an average score of 4.43. The application of the model showed an increase in acquisition scores in the experimental class compared to the control class, although the t-test results did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). Several possible causes for the insignificant t-test results include the small number of samples and teachers still in the adaptation stage to the model. However, this model received a positive response from students so it is suitable for use in integrative, contextual, and religious learning.
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory effects of insulin leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) extract against Staphylococcus aureus infection in Wistar rats. The research employed an experimental design using Wistar rats divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and treatment groups receiving insulin leaf extract at doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg. Leukocyte counts were measured from day 1 to day 13 following bacterial induction and treatment administration. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA. The results demonstrated that insulin leaf extract significantly reduced leukocyte counts in infected rats, indicating anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The 400 mg dose exhibited the most stable reduction in leukocyte levels throughout the observation period. Antibacterial testing showed inhibition zone diameters of 20.42 mm, 22.62 mm, and 24.90 mm at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, indicating strong to very strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. One-Way ANOVA revealed significant differences among treatment groups (p = 0.002) and among antibacterial concentrations (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that Smallanthus sonchifolius leaf extract possesses potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
