The three dimensions is the characteristic about systematic construction of criminal trial by default. At the level of “chapter”, it deals with the relationship about different kinds of cases at the same chapter is the focus, analyzing the type of criminal trial by default on the basis of the function of the system, at the same time, whether the safeguard clause about the right of defense and the right of appeal are applicable to the part of this chapter needs to be considered. At the level of “compiling”, it deals with the relationship about different kinds of orders at the same chapter, examining the similarities, differences and concurrence between the order of trial by default and the order of confiscation of illegal gains, selecting the logic for distinguishing two kinds of orders according to the specific situations we met in the case. At the level of “law”, the connection between “order of trial by default” and relevant laws outside the criminal procedure law is treated as focus, the connection between the order of trial by default and implementing regulation for the administrative supervision law need to be paid attention to, and focus on the application about the order of trial by default, the method of rendition and the method of advising to come back with coordinate.
Artificial intelligence is one of the most “disruptive” scientific innovations in the 21st century, which has promoted a global modernization process of transformation of production, living and governance modes. The advent of ChatGPT marks the advent of the era of artificial general intelligence and its disruptive creative effect on national governance. China is experiencing a large-scale social experiment of integrating AI technology and governance practice, and the integrating evolution of machine intelligence and social intelligence present the core logic of Chinese-style intelligent governance. Intelligent governance involves three basic elements: governance subjects, governance processes and governance effects. Through empowering multiple subjects by integrating social intelligence and machine intelligence, intelligent governance stimulates the transformation of the whole governance process. Facing the AGI era, driven by scientific innovation and institutional engineering, China took the lead in promoting the innovative application of intelligent governance, and then developed approaches to empower the government, people and community, effectively promoting the modernization of AI-driven governance.
本文通过分析罗马帝国前期罗马城里典型的公共建筑和公共空间,阐释政治权力在敞阔空间里的三种表达方式:占领、渗透与辐射.广场作为最重要的公共空间,是皇帝们进行权力展示的典型场所,权力对空间是占领关系.以大角斗场为代表的敞阔性空间,不仅是罗马社会的浓缩模型,更是权力对空间渗透的场域.复合型的建筑风格和具有综合功能的皇家浴场从感官上实现了敞视性的效果和权力对肉体的隐秘控制,在这类生活娱乐的公共空间里,政治权力渗透个人生活.罗马城恢宏的公共建筑是政治精英炫耀性权力的展现.凭借罗马帝国的背景,罗马城对帝国发挥着辐射作用,首都与疆域广大的帝国紧密关联.通过分析政治权力在敞阔空间的三种表达方式,可以发现,竞争性的权力格局作为共和传统的遗留,塑造了帝国前期政治权力的表达方式.
今本《唐律疏议》是体现中华法治文明连续性的最重要文本,其底本《永徽律疏》制定后的修改及其与今本《唐律疏议》的关系是历史和学术的重大问题.史载唐高宗龙朔二年廷议了同文正卿萧嗣业因嫡继母改嫁身亡而请申心丧之事,廷议后修改了令、礼及律疏.但今本《唐律疏议》的相关内容与龙朔廷议的修改意旨并不完全相符.结合心丧、解官服丧制度的发展,以及唐高宗以后礼、令的内容,可以审慎地判定龙朔廷议后只是部分地修改了《永徽律疏》,并且有些律疏是应改而未改.
国有企业科技创新规则是我国建设世界主要科学中心和创新高地、实现高水平科技自立自强的重要法治保障.中国如加入CPTPP协定后,国有企业科技创新规则,作为国有企业一般性规则的重要组成部分,将面临规范性审查.具体而言,国有企业科技创新规则在非歧视待遇和商业考虑要求下,与CPTPP协定的要求存在冲突的地方;在非商业援助要求下,既有挑战、也有机遇;而与透明度要求总体上保持一致,但仍有需要进一步细化、完善的地方.为此,我国应以涉外法治为理论指引,积极应对、主动求变,推动构建更加公平、合理的国有企业科技创新规则.
