This research assesses the role of the National Assembly in Nigeria in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy between 2015 and 2021 using an all-public and declassified document big data institutionalist approach. The article breaks away from the perception-driven narratives that dominate the field by creating a rich longitudinal database comprising over 2,400 plenary debates, over 1,100 motions, 320 treaty-related activities, military deployment votes, budget appropriations, and recorded inter-parliamentary interactions. Using the lens of institutional intergovernmentalism, the article conceptualizes the legislative role in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy in four dimensions: ratification, scrutiny of foreign affairs, military deployment, and parliamentary diplomacy. The article presents a methodological approach to studying the intergovernmental dynamics of the executive-legislative relationship in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy, one that is both systematic and empirically driven. Results The results reveal that there is a noticeable trend in the visibility of the legislative role in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy that materialized in the form of a deepening scrutiny of treaties, the enhancement of legislative participation in regional parliamentary bodies, the augmentation of the oversight procedures of the legislature, as well as the more proactive onstage and off-stage roles in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy with a focus on diasporic issues. However, the results reveal that the executive holds the upper hand in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy in areas such as agenda-setting, treaty negotiation, security policy formulation, and the initiation of public expenditure. The article provides an alternative open-source model for the study of the legislative role in the formulation of the country’s foreign policy in fledgling democracies. Received: 06 March 2026 / Accepted: 30 April 2026 / Published: May 2026
This study examined how integrated participatory project life-cycle management practices influence the performance of mango farming projects. It assessed the application of participatory approaches across project initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, as well as the constraints limiting their effectiveness. Using a pragmatism paradigm and a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 375 respondents (drawn from a population of 12,622 using the Krejcie and Morgan formula), along with interviews from 15 key informants. Findings revealed a strong positive relationship between combined participatory practices and project performance (r = 0.822, p < .01). Regression results indicated that these practices explained 66.8% of the variance in performance (R² = 0.668), with a significant positive effect (B = 0.88, p < .001). Key barriers included limited institutional support, inadequate information, market instability, financial constraints, pest and disease challenges, low technical skills, and weak extension services. The study recommends strengthening integrated participatory approaches and addressing systemic barriers to enhance project performance, sustainability, and farmer livelihoods. Received: 02 March 2026 / Accepted: 30 April 2026 / Published: May 2026
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of energy policies in facilitating the adoption of clean energy in Zimbabwe. This study employed a qualitative research design, focusing on policy analysis and case studies. The sampling technique utilized was purposive sampling, specifically targeting significant renewable energy policies and initiatives within Zimbabwe. Data collection involved key informant interviews complemented by documentary analysis. The interviewees were officials from the energy and climate change sectors. The data sources included government documents, investment reports, and energy sector statistics, such as the integrated resource plan, the national renewable energy policy, and reports from the International Renewable Energy Agency concerning Zimbabwe. The information obtained from the interviews was analyzed to assess the participants' experiences, knowledge, and viewpoints related to the study. Notable findings indicate that the policies have been effective in integrating renewables into Zimbabwe's energy mix, attracting investors, and generating employment, despite the projects being predominantly small-scale. Challenges identified include outdated infrastructure and the necessity for tariff reductions to entice independent power producers. The conclusions drawn emphasize the importance of implementing policies that attract independent power producers and the urgent need to upgrade aging infrastructure. Received: 07 March 2026 / Accepted: 30 April 2026 / Published: May 2026
This paper examines the interplay of death anxiety and absurdity in the poetry of Maki Kureishi through the philosophical frameworks of Albert Camus and Irvin D. Yalom. While existential philosophy traditionally posits the awareness of death as a catalyst for authentic engagement with life, Kureishi’s poetry presents a strikingly different trajectory. Through close textual analysis of selected poems from The Far Thing, this study argues that death awareness in Kureishi’s work produces not revolt but withdrawal, not meaning-making but existential stagnation. The poetic subject is confronted with an absurd universe devoid of inherent meaning, yet fails to respond with the defiant affirmation advocated by Camus. Instead, the subject internalizes absurdity as a condition of paralysis, resulting in a poetics of suspended existence. By situating Kureishi within existential and postcolonial discourse, this paper proposes that her work represents a critical reconfiguration of Absurdism, shaped by cultural, psychological, and socio-political constraints. The study contributes to contemporary literary scholarship by foregrounding the limits of existential revolt in non-Western contexts. Received: 03 March 2026 / Accepted: 30 April 2026 / Published: May 2026
Ondo State is faced with various safety concerns in its residential environment, including home fire incidents, and miscreant activities. This study therefore appraised safety facilities in housing units in Ondo State, Nigeria. The physical characteristics of housing units, the safety conditions of housing units, and effects of safety facilities in housing units among others were examined.The study employed multistage sampling procedure. Random sampling technique was employed to select three local government areas across the three senatorial districts in Ondo State, while sample size of 400 was drawn from the population of 1,150,600 in the three selected local government areas. Reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out and thereafter, proportional allocation sampling technique was employed to select the sample size of 400 in the selected local government areas; questionnaire was systematically administered, every fifth residential building was selected, targeting either the landlord or tenant. Secondary data were sourced from journals, newspapers, internet, Ondo State Ministry of Works and Transport as well as National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis.The study revealed that safety facilities such as fencing (x ?=2.41), emergency exits (x ?=2.41), and guard dogs (x ?=1.95) were available in most housing units, while fire extinguishers, first aid equipment, and security guards were lacking in other housing units. The study revealed that the respondents were satisfied with some basic safety features, but dissatisfied with others, particularly those that involve higher maintenance and technical investment. Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.301, p = 0.039<0.05) between availability of safety facilities and sustainable housing units condition. Received: 07 March 2026 / Accepted: 29 April 2026 / Published: May 2026
