This study examined the simultaneous relationships among life satisfaction, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and depressive symptomatology in a sample of 599 Chilean adults. Participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling, guided by the tripartite model of depression (Clark & Watson, 1991) and the subjective well-being framework (Diener et al., 2018). The model demonstrated acceptable fit (CFI = .914; TLI = .906; RMSEA = .058; SRMR = .063). Three of six hypotheses were supported: PA negatively predicted depressive symptoms (β = −.237, p < .001), NA positively predicted depressive symptoms (β = .655, p < .001), and PA and NA were negatively correlated (β = −.332, p < .001), together accounting for approximately 59% of the variance in depression. Life satisfaction did not significantly predict depressive symptoms once affect was accounted for, and neither PA nor NA significantly predicted life satisfaction. These findings support the applicability of the tripartite model in a non-clinical Chilean adult sample and suggest that affective dimensions — particularly NA — are more proximally associated with depressive symptomatology than the cognitive-evaluative component of well-being, underscoring the importance of modeling these constructs jointly rather than treating them as interchangeable indicators of mental health.
El presente trabajo constituye una revisión sistemática orientada a analizar la efectividad y las tasas de abandono de la Terapia Dialéctico-Conductual (DBT) en adultos con Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA 2020 y se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect, considerando estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024. Tras el proceso de identificación, cribado y elegibilidad, se incluyeron 10 estudios que evaluaron la DBT como intervención principal y reportaron resultados vinculados con efectividad clínica o abandono terapéutico. Los hallazgos sugieren que la DBT puede asociarse con mejoras en conductas autolesivas, ideación suicida, desregulación emocional y sintomatología relacionada con el TLP. Sin embargo, la magnitud y consistencia de estos resultados varían según el diseño, la muestra, el formato de intervención y los instrumentos utilizados. Las tasas de abandono mostraron amplia variabilidad, entre el 5,26 % y el 49 %, lo que limita la posibilidad de establecer conclusiones firmes sobre sus predictores. Entre las principales limitaciones se identifican la heterogeneidad metodológica de los estudios, la variabilidad en la definición de abandono, la diversidad de formatos de DBT y la ausencia de metaanálisis.
El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar una escala de creencias conductuales y normativas sobre la adherencia a una alimentación cardiosaludable en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica, basada en el Modelo de Conducta Planificada de Ajzen y Fishbein (1970). El diseño fue de tipo transversal y se emplearon análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios para evaluar la validez de la escala. La muestra estuvo conformada por 125 pacientes para el análisis factorial exploratorio y 184 para el confirmatorio, con un rango de edad entre 30 y 82 años. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, reclutando a los participantes en un hospital de tercer nivel de la Ciudad de México. Los instrumentos incluyeron escalas diseñadas para medir las creencias conductuales y normativas en relación con la dieta. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante ecuaciones estructurales y se evaluó la fiabilidad utilizando el índice Omega de McDonald. Los resultados mostraron que las escalas desarrolladas son herramientas válidas y fiables para evaluar las creencias en torno a la adherencia a la alimentación cardiosaludable en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica, lo que puede facilitar el diseño de intervenciones más efectivas en esta población.
Psychological factors such as meat attachment, which implies the existence of an affective connection between meat consumption and its consumer, are one of the aspects that slow down the transition to a more sustainable diet. The aim of this study was to adapt the Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) to the Spanish context and to compare the five versions used in the literature (17, 16, 8, 7, and 5 items) by applying a Rasch polytomous model. For the adaptation, the steps of the International Test Commission were followed, and an online questionnaire was applied to 280 omnivores. The psychometric properties of the five versions of the MAQ were studied, and evidence of validity was analysed based on the relationship with other variables: speciesism and gender. Results showed adequate fit indices of all items to the model in versions 8, 7, and 5. Item parameters, endorsability and response categories, their distribution, and ordering were adequate for all versions. Separation indices for all versions differentiated at least three strata of scores, with good associated reliability. Favourable evidence of validity was found for all versions with related variables. 17 items version, and 7 items version showed differential item functioning according to gender. We recommend the 8 items version as the most adequate version in the Spanish context; it offers more parsimonious results, adequately represents the domains of the construct, and meets the recommendations for the Rasch rating scale model.
Body image has become a central component of personal identity, especially in contexts where the value of appearance as an indicator of success predominates. Excessive preoccupation with the body is reminiscent of the dynamics of obsessive-compulsive disorder as the behaviour becomes ritualised. Rumination is repetitive thinking, focusing on the causes, consequences and symptoms of a negative feeling. The aim of this paper is to analyse how obsessive-compulsive symptoms and rumination contribute to body image concern in the general population taking into account gender. Methods. The sample consisted of 250 subjects (40.4% male), aged between 18 and 68 years with a mean age of 34.84 (SD = 13.33). A cross-sectional correlational design was used to study the associations between the different variables. Results. There is a positive relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, rumination and the occurrence of body concerns. A stepwise regression analysis found that gender (β = .120, p = .021) together with obsessivity (β = .273, p = .001) and rumination (β = .355, p = .001) are the variables that best predict dysmorphic preoccupation and explained 29% of the variance. Conclusions. Rumination and trait obsessivity appear to be associated with dysmorphic symptoms in the general population and may be relevant factors to consider in future research on prevention and intervention.
