To explore efficient irrigation strategies to reduce irrigation amount and improve crop water productivity to alleviate water scarcity in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain winter wheat region of China. A split-plot field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of surface drip irrigation（DI）and subsurface drip irrigation（SDI）systems on wheat yield, soil water extraction, evapotranspiration（ET）,and water use efficiency（WUE）.The DI and SDI systems consisted of three irrigation schedules(50%—60%,60%—70%,and 70%—80% of field capacity; hereafter, W 50 ,W 60 and W 70 ,respectively).The SDI treatment decreased the proportion by 11.8%—21.8% of soil water extraction in the 0—0.8 m soil layers while increased the amount by 28.4%—29.8% of soil water extraction in the 0.8—1.6 m soil layers for the whole growth period.The soil evaporation and irrigation amount of SDI were 23.1%,8.9% lower than that of DI on average, respectively.Although the transpiration rate did not differ significantly between SDI and DI after anthesis, the net photosynthetic rate（P n ）and leaf area index were higher in the SDI treatment than those in the DI under W 50 and W 60 conditions（deficit irrigation）.As a result, the SDI treatment increased the yield by 14.5%—29.3% and WUE by 13.9%—25.9% under deficit irrigation conditions as compared to DI.Compared to DI, SDI decreased P n and soil water extraction in the upper soil layers significantly under W 70 condition due to more soil water stored below 0.8 m soil layer, and resulted in yield reduction by 4.1%—8.9%.SDI with W 60 can extract more soil water from subsoil and regulate the photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat, thereby improving yield and WUE.
To reveal the application effect of controlled release urea in table grape（Shine muscat）,and screen out the optimum application amount, a field experiment（2018—2019）was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen（N）reduction combined with polyurethane coated urea on the yield, photosynthetic characteristics and quality of table grapes, and to explore the relationship between chlorophyll content at different leaf positions and quality traits.The results of this study can provide scientific theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient utilization of N fertilizer in the cultivation of table grape.The results showed that: compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of table grape were increased by 10.67%—32.91%,under 0—30% N reduction combined with coated urea treatment, while reduced by 5.79% under 40% N reduction combined with coated urea treatment.Among them, suitable N reduction combined with controlled release fertilizer for table grape had better effect on yield and income increase than conventional fertilization.With the decrease of N application rate combined with coated urea, the yield and net photosynthetic rate of table grapes increased first and then decreased.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the mean value of SPAD of functional leaves at the expansion stage and the quality traits（soluble solid, total sugar, vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio）,but a significant negative correlation between SPAD value and total acid.In general, N reduction combined with coated urea treatment was beneficial to the formation of yield component, increased SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves at the puffing stage, effectively expand fruit grains, promoted the increase production, saved fertilizer and increased efficiency of table grapes, and improved the food quality of table grapes.The N reduction of 10%—20% combined with coated urea treatment had the best effect.
碱性亮氨酸拉链(bZIP)转录因子蛋白是一类在动植物及微生物中结构和功能均具有保守性的转录调控因子,为明确bZIP类转录因子在植物病原真菌中的功能及作用机制,进一步确定其与病菌生长发育及致病性的关系,以玉米大斑病菌01-23为材料克隆得到了StbZIP9基因(GenBank No.XM_008032179.1),StbZIP9是bZIP转录因子家族成员之一,对该基因结构及蛋白质特征分析结果显示,该基因全长788 bp,开放阅读框为726 bp,编码241个氨基酸,其编码蛋白包含一个在真菌中高度保守的同源结构域BRLZ;对该基因在病菌生长发育及侵染宿主过程的RNA-seq数据进行分析,发现与菌丝时期相比StbZIP9在附着胞和芽管时期表达量升高2～4倍,在侵染玉米叶片24,72 h后基因表达从无到有且持续升高,表明StbZIP9与附着胞发育和芽管形成相关联并在病菌侵染宿主细胞过程中发挥重要作用;进一步利用生物信息学技术预测其结合保守基序及调控的靶基因,结合基序为NNTWACGTNN,包含bZIP类转录因子识别核心序列ACGT,并根据该序列预测StbZIP9下游靶基因,结合RNA-seq数据进行表达模式分析得到4个下游靶基因(JGI数据库中蛋白ID分别为:132893、163024、162798、40466),功能注释表明,其参与细胞壁组分聚合和运输、侵染宿主、孢子休眠等多种生物过程.为进一步阐明其在参与调控病菌侵染寄主的分子机制提供依据.
针对兰州鲇人工驯食转化率、苗种培育成活率低等问题,为利用基因编辑技术创制和培育易驯食兰州鲇新种质,开展了兰州鲇神经肽Y基因(NPY)的克隆及其表达分析研究.结果表明:兰州鲇NPY基因cDNA序列全长为775 bp,包括288 bp的开放阅读框,编码95个氨基酸,含有1个跨膜螺旋和1个信号肽胰腺激素类识别结合位点.兰州鲇NPY蛋白序列与南方鲇的一致性最高,为98.95％.荧光定量PCR检测发现NPY mRNA在脑组织中表达量最高,其次是下丘脑,肌肉中表达量最低.不同年龄雄性各组织中NPY mRNA表达水平均高于雌性;且雌雄性别组间均表现出随年龄的增长NPY mRNA表达下降的特征.利用原位杂交技术进行脑组织细胞定位发现,脑细胞中NPY主要在细胞质中表达;不同部位脑组织中主要以前脑的视前区、视顶盖和脑垂体,小脑的豆状核区域以及延脑的尾状核区域表达量较丰富.进一步进行饥饿补偿验证发现,饥饿可引起脑组织NPY表达量显著升高,摄食后NPY表达量显著下降.上述结果表明,NPY基因可能在兰州鲇生长和摄食过程中都具有重要作用,可作为对后续功能基因进行编辑的重要验证并创制新种质,对加快兰州鲇良种新品种选育具有重要的理论意义和技术支撑作用.
旨在获得C型产气荚膜梭菌性腹泻仔猪血清炎症因子含量、脾脏病理变化及转录组表达谱特征,为其防治提供参考.选择健康状况良好、体质量相近的7日龄二元仔猪6头,随机分为2组,即对照组(CS)和处理组(TS).TS组每头仔猪每天灌服1 mL菌液(1×109 cfu/mL),连续5 d,CS组仔猪灌服不含菌液的培养液,感染后0,1,3,5 d采集血液分离血清,用ELISA方法检测IL-8、IFN-α和IFN-γ含量.试验结束后屠宰仔猪采集脾脏,进行HE染色和RNA-Seq测序,对测序获得的差异表达基因进行GO功能和KEGG信号通路富集分析,并采用RT-qPCR检测仔猪感染C型产气荚膜梭菌过程中关键差异表达基因的表达量.结果表明:TS组仔猪脾脏出现明显炎症,中性粒细胞浸润,伴有变性及坏死的实质细胞;第3,5天CS组血清中IL-8、IFN-α和IFN-γ含量极显著低于(P<0.01)TS组;TS组与CS组间有1079个差异表达基因,上调583个,下调496个;差异表达基因富集的GO功能主要有细胞对β干扰素的反应、细胞对DNA损伤刺激的反应、炎症反应的负调控等,富集的KEGG信号通路主要有肺结核、乙型肝炎、B细胞受体等;抵抗C型产气荚膜梭菌感染的候选基因(如JAK3、TLR3、ILF2、CXXC1等)RNA-Seq结果与RT-qPCR结果一致.以上结果表明,JAK3、TLR3等基因通过关键信号通路可能在仔猪脾脏抵抗C型产气荚膜梭菌感染过程中发挥了重要功能.
