Jujube (Ziziphus) germplasm is the material basis for scientific research on jujube production and utilization, and plays an important supporting role in promoting scientific and technological innovation and industrial development. By systematically summarizing the research progress in the collection, preservation, identification, evaluation and innovative utilization of jujube germplasm resources in China, reference for its further research was provided. Up to now, a total of 1,033 accessions of jujube germplasms had been recorded in literature and 960 accessions have been collected and preserved in China. 730 of them have been characterized in agronomic traits and some excellent germplasms had been selected. Studies on their functional nutrients, genome sequencing and functional gene analysis have made great progresses. Nearly 300 advanced jujube cultivars have been certificated and some of them have great cultivation scale over 100,000 ha. Some appraisal and evaluation technical standards of their phenotypic characters have been established. The main existing problems and future development trend and research direction were analyzed and forecasted.
加工番茄为呼吸跃变型果实,伴随呼吸跃变产生大量乙烯,即系统Ⅱ乙烯,易使番茄果实过熟,腐烂变质.SlACS2是番茄系统Ⅱ乙烯合成的限速酶,旨在通过CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑系统修饰该基因,调控系统Ⅱ乙烯过量表达,以迟滞番茄过熟腐烂.利用CRISPR/Cas9系统定点编辑加工番茄SlACS2基因,在SlACS2的第2外显子区域设计2个靶位点,构建双靶点的CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化加工番茄,再生培养获得T0代转基因幼苗,通过PCR扩增卡那霉素抗性基因获得阳性株系.为进一步获得纯合突变,对T1代植株的双靶位点区域进行PCR扩增和测序分析,鉴定SlACS2突变类型.结果发现,从阳性植株的T1后代中鉴定出6种在两个靶位点发生纯合突变类型植株,其中靶位点1突变类型较为丰富,分别发生单碱基的插入及1个、4个、5个和9个碱基的缺失;靶位点2则只有7个碱基的缺失一种编辑类型.结果表明,已成功在加工番茄体内实现对内源SLACS2的定点敲除,获得的基因编辑植株,为进一步筛选耐贮突变体提供材料基础.
This study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanism of Brassica napus at flowering peri-od using the double haploid(DH)population and KN population KN high-density genetic linkage map.The phenotype data at flowering period under winter,semi-winter and spring environments were analyzed by using composite interval mapping(CIM)of Wincart 2.5 software to locate the QTL for flowering-related traits and identify candidate genes.The results revealed a total of 119 associated with flowering stage,with qFT-13DL16-4 explaining up to 19.63％of the phenotypic variation(PV)and qFT-13ZY2-1 exhibiting the minimum PV(2.48％).Furthermore,these QTLs were integrated into a consensus QTL by meta-analysis,resulting in the identification of 26 environment-stable expression QTLs,including seven major QTLs.For example,cqFT-A2-3 and cqFT-A2-4 were stably expressed under the spring ecological environment,cqFT-C6-4,cqFT-C6-7,cqFT-C6-12,and cqFT-C6-13 were stably expressed in winter and semi-winter ecological regions,and cqFT-C6-14 was stably expressed in the winter ecological region.In conclusion,this study provides a foundation for fine mapping and map-based cloning of causal genes and offers guidance for the cultivation of new early maturing and high-yield rapeseed varieties in the future.Fifteen candidate genes involved in flowering regulation were i-dentified within QTL confidence intervals,including BnaA02g12260D(RGA1),BnaA02g15390D(AGL12),BnaA02g16710D(LKP2)and BnaC06g19930D(NUA),and these candidate genes are in-volved in the regulatory pathways,such as gibberellin,photoperiod,circadian clock,vernalization re-sponse and flower development.In conclusion,this study lays a foundation for fine mapping and map-based cloning of causal genes and offers guidance for the cultivation of new early maturing and high-yield rapeseed varieties in the future.
Taking the'Kyoho'grape grown under facility cultivation as the test material,the effect of opening windows in greenhouses on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grape plants was investigated.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving facility grape practices.The results showed that the opening windows from 9:00 to 15:00,using a self-made pull rod,had the most significant effect when the temperature exceeded 35 ℃,resulting in a remarkable 6.1 ℃ reduc-tion in shed temperature.The ventilation of the greenhouse improved significantly,and the wind speed inside the shed noticeably.increased.The total chlorophyll content of the leaves of the fenestrated plants did not differ significantly from the control(CK)group(P＞0.05).However,the actual pho-tosynthetic efficiency Y(Ⅱ)of PSⅡ in the fenestrated treatment was significantly higher than CK at 9:00 and 13:00,with a 12.4％increase at 13:00,attributed to the decreased shed temperature after window opening,relieving stress on the PS Ⅱ system.The leaf photochemical quenching coefficient qP of CK continued to increase until 13:00 and then decreased,while the windowing treatment was sig-nificantly higher than that of CK at 9:00,and the photosynthetic activity was better.In terms of fruit quality indicators,the single-grain quality of the window treatment resulted in a significant 9.9％in-crease in single-grain quality compared to CK.The titratable acid content was significantly reduced,the sugar-acid ratio significantly increased,and the fruit flavor was better after the window opening.Window treatment demonstrated the highest disease grade 5,followed by grade 4.The number of leaves exposed to slight sunburn was lower,and the number of diseases at grade 1 was significantly lower than that of CK,indicating improved disease resistance in the window-treated plants.Opening windows effectively improve the microclimate in the facility environment and proved beneficial during the critical period of fruit development by promoting leaf photosynthesis,improving fruit quality and reducing sunburn.In production,window opening provides an effective cooling solution for multi-span greenhouses,particularly during summer.This study offers valuable guidance for simple multi-span greenhouse cultivation.
Effects of NaOH pretreatment on anaerobic fermentation efficiency of wheat straw were studied using the"system of anaerobic fermentation technology"designed by us as mesophilic temper-ature from 2020 to 2021,the objective was to reduce the amount of NaOH and the risk of secondary pollution while ensuring the pretreatment effect of wheat straw,thereby providing a theoretical basis for biogas production of wheat straw.Wheat straw samples were pretreated with 0％,3％,and 6％(dry mass of wheat straw)NaOH for durations of 7,14,21,and 28 days,respectively,with unpre-treated wheat straw as control.The results showed that the removal rates of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were 5.9％-8.3％,38.3％-41.8％,45.8％-49.2％,respectively,which was similar to the treatment of 6％NaOH and significantly higher than that of 0％NaOH pretreatment when wheat straw was pretreated with 3％NaOH for 7-28 d.The 3％NaOH treatment demonstrated the highest effectiveness compared to the control and 6％NaOH treatment for the same pretreatment duration un-der anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw at mesophilic temperature(35 ℃).The cumulative biogas yields of dry matter ranged from 185.5 mL·g-1 to 310.5 mL·g-1,with a biogas production rate of 38.1 mL·d-1 to 84.2 mL·d-1 when wheat straw was pretreated with 3％NaOH for 7-28 days.The superior combination forecasting model showed that the treatment of 3％NaOH was the most effec-tive,and the optimum pretreatment time was 11.4 d after 86.0 d completed fermentation,the rate of biogas production was 47.9 mL·d-1,the maximum cumulative biogas yields of dry matter was 257.6 mL·g-1.In conclusion,it is feasible to use 3％(dry mass of wheat straw)NaOH pretreatment wheat straw under mesophilic(35 ℃)anaerobic fermentation,which can obtain good biogas produc-tion effect.
