Summary The aim of our work was to find out the level of explosive force of lower extremities and the rate of muscular fatigue of lower extremities of artistic female gymnasts. The research file consisted of 8 female competitors of B category (year of birth: 2010.5 ± 1.20, physical height 148 ± 10 cm, body weight 36.25 ± 5.44 kg, BMI 16,46 ± 0,68 kg/m2). In our ex post facto research, which took place in gymnastic club PAVLO Trencin, we used measuring device FiTRO Jumper that has been placed on floor exercise. In input and output measurement we found out the parameters of jumps by two standardized tests. The female probands had 2 attempts (IO: 2´) in each motoric test we recorded the better attempt on the tables. We measured the height of upward leap (V.V.) [cm] in vertical jump with countermovement (VVsPP) without swing work of arms. In 10s test of repeated upward leaps without the aid of arms we measured power in active phase of take-off (Pmax) in [W.kg−1] and fatigue index (I.U.) in [%]. Among measurements the female gymnasts underwent the circular training with 10 exercises (IZ: 40 s, IO: 15 s) and acrobatic preparation. For processing of results we used non-parametric Wilcoxon´s T-test and paired T-test in which we found up significance at the level p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.10 of statistical significance level. By comparison of obtained results at the beginning of training unit (TJ) in tests of VVsPP (V.V.= 26 ± 2.12 cm), 10s test of repeated upward leaps (Pmax= 40.64 ± 7.6 W.kg−1, I.U.= 23.79 ± 8.01 %) and at the end of TJ in tests of VVsPP (V.V.= 24.08 ± 1.36 cm), of 10 s test of repeated upward leaps (Pmax= 40.71 ± 5.16 W.kg−1, I.U.= 29.46 ± 10.2 %) we found out that the statistical significance was confirmed at the 0.05 % level of statistical significance only in the height of upward jump in VVsPP where significantly lower values were measured at the end of the training unit. Differences in parameters performance and fatigue index did not manifest themselves at the level of statistical significance.
Summary In Germany, different ministries are responsible at state level for sport and physical education. The same applies for Covid-19 pandemic decrees. As a result, different rules and regulations have to be followed depending on the place of residence. The same applies to regulations of physical activity in various settings – kindergarten, school, clubs, municipality. The periods of Covid-19 lockdowns have been marked by nationwide closures of kindergartens, schools and in- and outdoor sport facilities. Resulting in an increase in screen time and sedentary activities (Langmeyer et al. 2020) and a notable decrease in children’s daily physical activity to 23.9 minutes (Schmidt et al. 2020). However, during the first lockdown (22. 03. 2020 – 04. 05. 2020), participation in daily activity increased from 108.8 min. per day before the pandemic to 146.8 minutes per day (Schmidt et al. 2021). This development in more casual sporting activities was not sustained into the second lockdown. Daily activity decreased to 62.2 minutes per day (Schmidt et al. 2021). Only organized sport showed a slight increase from 0.0 to 3.7 minutes per day in lockdown two (Schmidt et al. 2021). This was in spite of the fact that high-level athletes were allowed to train and some sport clubs changed to online offerings.
Summary The study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrated muscle strengthening program on the improvement of muscular and technical parameters in young football players. There were two objectives, scientifically to measure the impact of integrated muscle strengthening on young players, and practically to present an educational tool for coaches and students to understand this concept of training. To carry on this research, we proceeded to a development of the 8-week program applied to a sample of 24 well-trained players of the first division under 18 years. The hypotheses put forward, were confirmed through the educational intervention and the results obtained were significant. Our results have increased the importance of strength training integrated into the training of young footballers. The margin progress of the experimental group was significant compared to the control group, and the impact of this concept proved to be positive in the approach to the physical preparation of young footballers. It is recommended to pay attention to the concept of integrated muscle building, with all its technical components.
Summary In April 2021 the “common welfare oriented sports club culture” has been awarded by German UNESCO intangible cultural heritage (ICH). To maintain this award, there has to be a future vision for the immaterial cultural heritage in terms of inclusive, equal opportunity, high-quality education. In Germany, sports clubs cooperate with (primary) schools in after-school programmes, often organized by the school (ASPO). However, offers of sports clubs are understood as offers for pastime and day-care, on the contrary, offers of other partner of cooperation are regarded as offers of education. During Corona crises grassroots sports in Germany was forbidden and more than that, ASPO and PE were cancelled immediately, with consequences e.g. for common welfare and health. “Existing concepts no longer work!” (Pühse, oral comment Bratislava 2021). P.E. teachers experimented with homework, but failed. However, exercise instructors and coaches came up with new motivating ideas and sports clubs seem to take over the role of high-quality education. Can the UNESCO award be part of a creative change not only for sports club culture but also for ASPO and excessively so to understanding PE in its multi-perspective? Let´s finally consider it in a future workshop, based on scenario, which reflects the relevant developments.
Summary In this commentary/short communication we build upon our existing research and viewpoints related to the deleterious effects that AAS/Androgen use has, and the growing body of work and case studies/reports that identify the substantially increased risks that AAS/Androgen use presents to those who have (or have had) COVID-19. We position this commentary/short communication then, as one that builds on our prior calls for public health policy to be in part framed by, or at least to recognise the risks, of AAS/Androgen use. This is of particular contemporary importance now that COVID-19 is endemic, and we report on how long COVID-19 (Post COVID-19 syndrome) can present a wide range of lasting c ardiovascular problems, a particular issue given that AAS/Androgen use may well exacerbate future health risks aligned to COVID-19.
