ABSTRACT Stretchable electronics are rapidly evolving from simple planar configurations to complex, three‐dimensional (3D) multifunctional architectures. However, traditional stretchable conductors frequently suffer from severe resistance fluctuations under mechanical deformation. To address this challenge, this review systematically summarizes two core design paradigms for achieving robust strain insensitivity. The first paradigm, corresponding to structurally strain‐insensitive conductors, relies on a top–down geometric decoupling strategy that physically dissipates strain through 3D buckling or kirigami structures. The second paradigm, corresponding to intrinsically strain‐insensitive conductors, employs a bottom–up network reconstruction strategy that leverages the fluidic adaptability of liquid metals or the dynamic sliding of nanofillers to sustain continuous percolation networks under stress. Beyond these fundamental paradigms, we comprehensively evaluate precise fabrication processes and critical system‐level integration challenges, with a particular focus on in‐plane modulus mismatch and Z ‐axis interlayer shear failure. Importantly, this review highlights the indispensable role of strain‐insensitive conductors in advanced applications, demonstrating their unique capability to eliminate motion artifacts in bioelectronics, lock resonant frequencies in wireless communications, and ensure thermal safety in high‐power actuation platforms. Finally, we outline future trajectories for large‐scale industrial manufacturing and long‐term in vivo stability, aiming to accelerate the commercialization of technologies within this interdisciplinary field.
ABSTRACT Abnormal metabolic reprogramming is a recognized hallmark of cancer, yet the clinical translation of cancer metabolic therapy (CMT) by conventional chemo‐drugs remains a great challenge due to their poor drug targetability, short circulation time, and low bioavailability. Nanomedicines, owing to their great feasibility in rational designs, facile fabrication, and excellent biocompatibility, offer a powerful platform to overcome the drawbacks of current clinical drugs and enable precise modulation of cancer metabolism. In this review, we provide a critical overview of recent advances in nanomedicine‐based CMT. We first summarize the reprogrammed metabolic landscape of cancer cells and the metabolic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. Then, nanomedicine strategies targeting glucose, lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, and carboxylic acid metabolism are summarized and discussed in a comprehensive way, with an emphasis on nanomaterial design principles and regulatory mechanisms. Finally, key challenges and future prospects for clinical translation are discussed, aiming to establish nanomedicine‐enabled CMT as a next‐generation paradigm for effective and safe cancer treatment.
ABSTRACT Since the structural discovery of DNA's double helix, it transitioned from a genetic carrier to a cornerstone of programmable nanotechnology and materials science. However, while synthetic DNA with predesigned sequences has dominated DNA‐based materials, biomass DNA, naturally derived from bulk biological resources, has emerged as a powerful large‐scale engineering material. This review outlines biomass DNA‐derived materials and their multifunctional applications, framed as a “Biomass DNA Tree,” representing biomass resources as roots, duplexes as stems, and advanced materials as leaves. For example, we examine the transformation of biomass DNA into sophisticated 3D‐crosslinked hydrogel matrices for (bio)engineering, and their further processing into recyclable bioplastics, which supports carbon neutrality. Furthermore, we highlight biomass DNA organogels and fibers, as well as its utilization for energy storage, including supercapacitors, batteries, and interphase layers. Beyond these core areas, the review highlights breakthroughs applying DNA as functional materials for catalysis, soft robotics, OLEDs, medical patches, neuromorphic devices, and photoconductors. By addressing challenges and providing perspectives on future opportunities, this review aims to catalyze the next generation of materials science, emphasizing the role of biomass DNA in advancing biopolymer‐based applications.
ABSTRACT Cells and extracellular matrices (ECMs) form mechanically coupled feedback loops in which cells generate forces, remodel their surroundings, and respond to mechanical information returned by the matrix. Conventional biomaterial models have established how passive matrix properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, architecture, and ligand presentation, regulate this feedback, but they provide limited control over the dynamic mechanical inputs transmitted through living tissues. Mechanoactive biomaterials address this limitation by converting external or encoded triggers into mechanical inputs with defined timing, magnitude, frequency, and spatial localization. Here, we compare mechanochemical hydrogels, light‐responsive matrices, thermoresponsive systems, and optothermal mechanoactuators according to the material response, the mechanical input experienced by cells, spatial, and temporal control, reversibility, cytocompatibility, quantification, and translational constraints. We discuss how these platforms engage integrin–focal adhesion signaling, mechanosensitive ion channels, cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanotransduction, YAP/TAZ activity, and TGF‐β activation. We conclude with design principles for selecting reversible or persistent actuation, matching mechanical parameters to receptor and tissue mechanics, and advancing mechanoactive platforms toward predictive in vitro models.
ABSTRACT Solid‐state lithium batteries promise superior performance and enhanced safety over current lithium‐ion batteries. As lithium metal encounters intrinsic challenges, high‐capacity silicon anodes have gained increasing attention to satisfy the growing demand for higher energy density and safety. However, the commercialization of such systems is impeded by challenges including large volume variation, poor interfacial contact, sluggish charge transport, inferior performance, and excessive pressure reliance. This review discusses fundamental challenges and interface‐mediated architectural engineering strategies. Based on the coupling mode of silicon and solid electrolyte, the developed architectures are classified into three representative categories, with emphasis on their design principles, multiscale construction methodologies, and enhancement mechanisms. In light of the latest advances, this review systematizes the architectural paradigms, and clarifies the synergistic correlations between interfacial compatibility, electron and ion transport, stress relaxation, and side reactions between silicon and solid electrolyte. Scalable manufacturing protocols and sustainable monitoring approaches are then delineated toward practical applications. Finally, the review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these classifications and outlines future directions for advancing stable, safe, scalable, and sustainable silicon‐based electrode technologies for viable solid‐state batteries with enhanced energy density, power capability, durability, and manufacturability at low‐pressure operation.
