Aims: Mini‑invasive adrenalectomy has been described by Gagner in 1991 and has become the approach of choice. In the pediatric population, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is more challenging because of the small body and pathology of adrenal masses which makes their removal difficult. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 11 patients who had laparoscopic removel of adrenal masses, between January 2017 and June 2023. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were described and compared to the literature. Result: Eleven patients were treated for adrenal masses laparoscopically. The mean age of our patients was 6.8 years. Computer tomodensitometry showed a solid mass with an average size between 2,5 to 6 cm. All patients were treated by transperitoneal approach, five patients had benign lesions and six malignant lesions. A Conversion was done in one patient; no complication had been noticed at o follow‑up of 25 months. Conclusion: LA has shown its safety and efficacy in the management of benign adrenal tumor and selective malignant lesions. Keywords: Adrenalectomy, conversion, laparoscopy, malignancy
Background: Disorder of sex development (DSD), previously known as ambiguous genitalia are group of Individuals who have a genital appearance that does not permit gender declaration at birth. Gender assignment in children with DSD must be done as early as possible and requires close correlation between the history and physical examination, appropriate genetic and laboratory studies and imaging studies. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the flush genitogram in the evaluation of children with DSD. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done over 5 years; the flush genitogram findings of the children were compared with the laparotomy findings at mini lap. Results: Over 5 years, 39 children were evaluated using both a flush genitogram and mini laparotomy. The correct sex was identified by a flush genitogram in 18 children, with a sensitivity of 56% and a false positive in 6 children. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the flush genitogram is found to be low, other methods of assessment are necessary before gender assignment in children with DSD. Keywords: Diagnosis, disorder, flush genitogram, sex development
Background: A tourniquet is commonly used to achieve a clear operative field during corrective osteotomies for Blount’s disease in children. Excessive tourniquet pressures may, however, lead to complications that may threaten the child’s limb, causing avoidable morbidity. Determining the minimum effective cuff pressure required to achieve a bloodless field without causing any harm to the child’s limb becomes essential to good surgical practice. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of and the complications arising from the tourniquet between fixed inflation pressure (FIP) and pressure determined by limb occlusion pressure (LOP) in children undergoing corrective osteotomy for Blount’s disease. Materials and Methods: Fifty lower limbs of 50 children aged 5–17 years who were undergoing corrective osteotomy for Blount’s disease were randomised into two groups (A and B) of 25 each. Group A is the LOP, whereas Group B is the FIP group. The tourniquet pressure, quality of the clear operative field, local tourniquet complications of pain, skin damage and nerve palsy were compared between the groups. Tourniquet pressure, effectiveness, complications, corrective osteotomy and Blount’s disease between the groups. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS statistic version 23. Results: The mean age of the population was 7.2 years. There was a significant mean decrease of pressure of 82 mmHg in Group A compared to Group B. Both groups had similar quality of the bloodless field; however, there were significantly less complications in Group A. Conclusions: LOP method performs better than the fixed pressure method. It achieves a comparable bloodless field while having a better safety profile. Keywords: Blount’s disease, complications, corrective osteotomy, effectiveness, tourniquet pressure
Background: Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical conditions in children. The appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine, may become inflamed or infected, requiring surgical removal. The standard treatment is appendectomy, which can be performed either laparoscopically or by an open technique. The choice of procedure often depends on multiple factors, and ongoing debate exists regarding which approach provides better outcomes. This study focuses on three important parameters: operative time, surgical site infection (SSI), and recovery. Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children, specifically assessing operative time, SSI, and recovery. The findings are intended to identify the more effective approach for managing paediatric appendicitis. Method: A meta-analysis was performed to compare laparoscopic and open appendectomy. An inductive and exploratory research design was followed. Eligible studies published in English between 2019 and 2025 were included if they directly compared the two techniques in children. Review articles were excluded. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, and Mendeley. The PRISMA methodology guided study selection. Data were summarized in tables and charts, and central tendency analyses were performed using Excel and SPSS statistical tools. Results: The analysis showed no significant difference in operative time between the two procedures, although laparoscopic appendectomy tended to take longer. However, laparoscopic surgery demonstrated lower SSI rates and faster recovery compared to open appendectomy. Thus, operative time alone is not a decisive factor, whereas SSI and recovery highlight the advantages of the laparoscopic approach. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is the more effective approach for paediatric appendicitis as it has significantly lower surgical site infection rates and faster recovery times despite a slightly longer operative duration in the current research. Keywords: Appendectomy, Appendicitis, Laparoscopic Appendectomy, Open appendectomy, Operative time, SSI, Recovery
Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare form of congenital urogenital anomalies. It is characterised by migration and descent of both testes through a single inguinal canal. Laparoscopy is useful for both diagnosis and management of transverse testicular ectopia. The surgical options for management are transseptal orchiopexy and transperitoneal orchiopexy. This article describes the case of a 2‑year‑old boy who had transseptal right orchiopexy for transverse testicular ectopia. Keywords: Cryptorchidism, transverse testicular ectopia, undescended testis
