The aim of the study was to study the microbiological features and the level of antibiotic resistance in patients with urolithiasis on the background of combined traumatic injuries. Materials and methods. A clinical and microbiological study of 126 patients with urolithiasis was conducted, of which 78 patients had combined injuries. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental and microbiological studies were performed. The identification of microorganisms was carried out by bacteriological and molecular genetic methods with determination of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs and assessment of the ability to biofilm formation. Results. Severe infectious and inflammatory complications of the urinary tract prevailed in patients with combined injuries. The structure of pathogens was dominated by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high level of antibiotic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones was revealed. A significant prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenem-resistant strains has been established. More than 68% of clinical isolates had a pronounced ability to biofilm formation. Patients in the main group were significantly more likely to develop urosepsis, septic shock, and other severe complications. Conclusion. The combination of urolithiasis and severe trauma is accompanied by a high prevalence of polyresistant hospital microflora and a severe course of infectious complications. The results obtained confirm the need for continuous microbiological monitoring, rational antibacterial therapy and the introduction of antimicrobial control programs..
The combination of urolithiasis and diabetes mellitus is accompanied by an increased risk of urinary tract infections, changes in the microbiological spectrum of pathogens and an increase in antibiotic resistance. Studying the characteristics of antibiotic sensitivity in this category of patients is important for optimizing empirical antibacterial therapy. To study the microbiological profile of urinary tract infections and determine their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs in patients with urolithiasis complicated by diabetes mellitus. A retrospective study of 120 patients with urolithiasis was conducted, of which 60 patients had concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 60 formed a comparison group. All patients underwent bacteriological examination of urine with identification of pathogens and determination of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs in accordance with the recommendations of EUCAST. Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 program. Differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli (41.4% and 52.8%, respectively), however, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and multidrug-resistant microorganisms were significantly more often detected in patients with diabetes mellitus. The greatest sensitivity of microorganisms was noted to carbapenems (96.6%), fosfomycin (93.1%), amikacin (91.4%) and nitrofurantoin (89.7%). The highest resistance was registered to ampicillin (72.4%), ciprofloxacin (43.1%) and co-trimoxazole (46.6%). In patients with diabetes mellitus, strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were more often detected, and longer hospitalization was noted. Diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on the microbiological profile of urinary tract infections in patients with urolithiasis and is associated with an increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The results obtained confirm the need for a bacteriological study to determine antibiotic sensitivity before prescribing antibacterial therapy and can be used to improve regional algorithms for the treatment of urinary tract infections
Genetics explains a great deal of variation seen in the population when facial deformities and malocclusions are considered. However, genetics is not synonymous of a deterministic concept in which a single gene, segregating in families, determines malocclusion. These monogenic models explain very few cases of malocclusion and the other human diseases, as well as traits such as height, weight, amount of sugar in the circulating blood, blood pressure, intelligence, behavior, and sexual orientation. All these traits, as well as the majority of human diseases and congenital defects, have complex or multifactorial modes of inheritance, which can be influenced by the environment, and determine the presence of the majority of traits and diseases...
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is one of the most common local complications of long-term therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Despite the high clinical significance of this pathology, the issues of its prevalence, clinical manifestations and species composition of pathogens in patients with chronic respiratory diseases remain insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study. To study the clinical and mycological features of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients receiving inhaled glucocorticosteroids for a long time. Materials and methods. A single-stage observational study was conducted with the participation of 120 patients who had been receiving inhaled glucocorticosteroids for bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for a long time. All the examined patients underwent a clinical examination of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa, medical history collection and mycological examination of smears followed by identification of fungi of the genus Candida. Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 program, and differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was diagnosed in 34 (28.3%) patients. The most common clinical form was pseudomembranous candidiasis (58.8%). Mycological examination revealed Candida albicans (70.6%) most frequently, Candida glabrata (14.7%), Candida tropicalis (8.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (5.9%) less frequently. It has been established that the development of candidal infection is significantly associated with the use of high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, the duration of therapy for more than five years and non-compliance with preventive measures. The use of a spacer and mouthwash after inhalation were accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of candidiasis. Conclusion. Long-term therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids is a significant risk factor for the development of oropharyngeal candidiasis. A comprehensive clinical and mycological examination of patients makes it possible to detect the disease in a timely manner, and compliance with preventive measures helps to reduce the frequency of candidal lesions of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa
Background: This requires substantial support and resources in chemical waste management and recycling, such as automated technology, chemical data management systems, advanced materials, etc. The growing need for efficiency and sustainability in waste management systems is leading industries to adopt IoT-based applications in monitoring and optimizing chemical waste disposal and recycling systems. For instance, IoT-based techniques are adding real-time tracking, automated segregation, and predictive analytics, which can help make waste management much more efficient. Despite their benefits, myriad challenges remain to the adoption of IoT-enabled systems, including high implementation costs, regulatory inconsistencies, technical expertise gaps, and data security concerns. Tackling these issues is essential to improving waste management practices, ensuring compliance with regulations, and promoting environmental sustainability. Aim: The current paper investigates the trends, problems, and future directions in chemical waste management and recycling optimization with IoT-based approaches. It specifically explores the knowledge, level of use, and perceived effectiveness of IoT-based waste management systems, where it also aims to determine whether there are barriers and factors that influence the widespread implementation of IoT-based waste management systems. The findings of the study will inform the industries, policymakers, and the environmental agencies to encourage or accelerate the adoption of the IoT in waste management and propel the sustainable waste disposed of solutions. Methodology: Based on structured survey interviews with 110 respondents, including representatives from chemical industries, waste management companies, environmental non-government organizations, government agencies, and academic researchers. The study employed a cross-sectional mixed-methods design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data for a comprehensive evaluation of IoT implementation in chemical waste management. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to assess awareness levels, adoption rates, challenges, and perceived benefits of IoT-assisted waste management. In order to position the findings in the context of existing literature, a systematic literature review was also conducted focusing on smart waste tracking, hazardous waste management, and IoT use cases for sustainability. Findings: The paper provides important insights to characterize the status of IoT-enabled waste management by finding out the awareness level about the IoT-based waste management along with its adoption barriers. While 58% of the respondents were aware of IoT-enabled waste tracking, only 30% had implemented IoT within their organizations. According to the report, regulatory compliance requirements (50%), cost efficiency (45%), and sustainability goals (40%) were the primary factors driving IoT adoption in waste management. The most important barriers identified were high implementation costs (50%), lack of technical expertise (40%), and concerns around data privacy and security (35%). Respondents believed that 55% of respondents said government incentives like grants and standard regulatory frameworks (48%) would greatly increase adoption rates. Conclusion: But to facilitate broader adoption, we need to solve for the cost, technical and regulatory challenges. The results underscore the role of tailored financial motivations, supportive government laws, and sectoraliszied training initiatives in adopting the use of IoT in waste management. Further work can address cost-benefit analysis, case studies in paradigm shift in implementing IoT-based systems and frameworks on secure, scalable and smart waste management. Transforming chemical waste management into a smart and eco-friendly system will require collaboration across sectors, between industries, policymakers, and technology providers
