Contexto: El cooperativismo agrícola posee potencial para la igualdad de género, aunque persisten inequidades por normas socioculturales patriarcales. En Cuba, las políticas favorecen la equidad, pero en la práctica existen brechas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que limitan la utilización adecuada del enfoque de género en la Cooperativa de Crédito y Servicios (CCS) Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey, y proponer acciones transformadoras. Métodos: Investigación con enfoque mixto, basada en el método dialéctico-materialista. Se aplicaron encuestas a 50 socios (35 hombres, 15 mujeres), entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación no participante y grupos focales. Se realizó análisis documental y triangulación de datos. Resultados: Se evidenció subrepresentación femenina (30,6%) y sobrecarga de cuidados no compartida. Aunque el 20% de las mujeres posee formación universitaria (vs. 8,8% de hombres), su acceso a liderazgo es limitado. Persisten estereotipos: el 75% de los hombres cree que las mujeres "no tienen fuerza" para el trabajo cooperativo. Existe una brecha perceptual significativa (p<0,05) donde los hombres subestiman las barreras de género. Emerge un liderazgo femenino más democrático, pero ejercido en entornos hostiles. Conclusiones: La cooperativa reproduce desigualdades estructurales. Las barreras son culturales e institucionales, no de capacidad. Se requiere implementar políticas de corresponsabilidad, cuotas, sensibilización con enfoque de género y mejora de infraestructura para avanzar hacia la equidad sustantiva.
Context: The tick species Rhipicephalus microplus is distributed worldwide, causing economic losses in livestock farms in tropical and subtropical areas (Jabbar et al., 2015). Acaricides play an important role in the control of these populations, however, excessive use is a consequence of resistance. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to ivermectin and conditioning factors in cattle. Methods: In the field, 880 ticks were collected from 4 farms and a survey was conducted; in the laboratory, resistance to ivermectin was evaluated by bioassays. For the adult immersion test (PIA), the following were determined: fertility index, oviposition inhibition, reproductive efficiency, product efficacy and percentage of resistance, where Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by Dunnett were performed; for the larval immersion test (PIL), mortality was determined: mortality, a PROBIT analysis was performed where the lethal concentrations CL50, CL99 and slope were calculated; for the conditioning factors, a Pearson correlation was performed with the values of resistance ratio Results: Resistance levels in the PIA were: 62.5% susceptible, 27.8% medium resistance and 16.7% high resistance in tick populations. The PIL determined the resistance ratio CL50 that oscillate between 1.0 and 7.00 and CL99 between 1.0 and 6.15 among the farms, presenting susceptibility in 75 percent of the farms, a correlation was found between the application interval and the presence of resistance. Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus populations are widely susceptible to ivermectin, being the interval of application of the acaricide a conditioning factor associated to resistance.
Context: Leafy vegetables, such as cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and chard (Beta vulgaris L.), play an important role in the human diet. A key factor in producing vegetable seedlings of acceptable quality is the type of growing medium. Objectives: Select an appropriate substrate for growing cabbage and chard in the seedling phase. Methods: Three substrates were used as treatments (1) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (100 %), (2) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (99.5 %) and 0. 5% dry mass of Pistia stratiotes L. and (3) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (98 %) and 2.0 % of Pontederia crassipes Mart. Forty alveoli of 30 cm3 each were prepared per treatment. After 40 days of cultivation, 15 experimental units were randomly selected per treatment and their morphological characteristics were determined. The Dickson Quality Index was determined to select the appropriate treatment. Results: The experimental units reached maximum emergence at 15 days. Cabbage had an emergence rate of 60 % and chard 25 %. Cabbage seedlings had a higher Dickson Quality Index value in the experimental units where the Typical Red Ferralitic Soil treatment and 0.5 % dry mass of P. stratiotes were used, without showing significant differences with respect to the control experimental units. Swiss chard seedlings did not show significant differences between treatments. Conclusions: The dry mass of P. stratiotes and P. crassipes, as a substrate mixed with Typical Red Ferralitic Soil, is not considered appropriate for sowing cabbage and chard in their seedling phase, as long as the soil used as a substrate meets the necessary conditions for the development of these vegetables.
Context: In order to have a material that expresses higher levels of yield, quality and tolerance to stress conditions, it is necessary to develop better varieties and hybrids of maize, for which the characterization and preliminary evaluation can offer useful results, since it is necessarily know the group of individuals who could be the parents of the improved generation. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of 21 accessions maize from CIMMYT in Mexico, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Vertientes. Methods: A randomized block design with three replicates was used, the agronomic characteristics of 24 maize accessions. The following characters were recorded: plant and ear height, male and female blooms, biological cycle, ear length, number of rows per ear, mass of 1000 grains (g), grain yield (t.ha-1). Results: The results obtained indicate that the vegetative characters height of the plant and height of the cob, showed to be directly proportional variables, characterized by a small size; the entries expressed an early cycle and the male flowering with respect to the female had a difference in days of (+/- 1.22 days). Conclusions: The entries that presented the best agronomic characteristics were 14, 19, 18, 15 and 10 and an average yield of 4.39 t/ha, respectively. Seed was obtained for the next breeding cycle of 19 accessions. Through this study, mass selection was put into practice in the first generation of F1, which allows us continuity for the next selection cycle.
Context: The salinization of the soil now is since one of the most serious problems that faces the agriculture, it affects the production of foods significantly; for this reason it becomes necessary the study of tolerant cultivars to these conditions for their inclusion to the productive outlines of the country. Objective: To select for their tolerance to the salinity, 14 cultivars de Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Methods: It was studied under conditions in vitro the tolerance of 15 cultivars of grains in front of different concentrations of chloride of sodium (NaCl) (50 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm), for this end, it was determined: the germination percentage (PG) and the index of speed of germination (IVG) of the seeds as the index Maguire describes. Results: Of the 14 tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) studied they were selected as promissory as for the germination percentage (PG) to concentrations of 50 mm of NaCl, the cultivars T60 and FL-5 without significant differences among them, with regard to the rest. The M-78 continues him, with 80-germinationpercentage to this concentration of salt, for what you/they constitute promissory materials to be used in agroecosystems affected by this condition. All they showed differences in the index of speed of germination of seeds. As for the index of germination speed (IVG) he/she stands out in the control T60 and M-78 in the witness without significant differences among them and to the 50 Mm, FL-5 and T60, M-78 and CV-28 continue him, without significant differences among this finish. El rest of the studied cultivars did not tolerate the studied ranges of salinity. Conclusions: Of the 14 cultivars studied in the germination percentage (PG) to 50 mm of NaCl, they stand out the cultivars T60 and FL-5 with superior results without significant differences among them, with regard to the rest. The M-78 continues him, with 80-germinationpercentage to this concentration of salt, for what you/they propose as promissory to be used in agroecosystems affected by salinity.
