Context: The tick species Rhipicephalus microplus is distributed worldwide, causing economic losses in livestock farms in tropical and subtropical areas (Jabbar et al., 2015). Acaricides play an important role in the control of these populations, however, excessive use is a consequence of resistance. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to ivermectin and conditioning factors in cattle. Methods: In the field, 880 ticks were collected from 4 farms and a survey was conducted; in the laboratory, resistance to ivermectin was evaluated by bioassays. For the adult immersion test (PIA), the following were determined: fertility index, oviposition inhibition, reproductive efficiency, product efficacy and percentage of resistance, where Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by Dunnett were performed; for the larval immersion test (PIL), mortality was determined: mortality, a PROBIT analysis was performed where the lethal concentrations CL50, CL99 and slope were calculated; for the conditioning factors, a Pearson correlation was performed with the values of resistance ratio Results: Resistance levels in the PIA were: 62.5% susceptible, 27.8% medium resistance and 16.7% high resistance in tick populations. The PIL determined the resistance ratio CL50 that oscillate between 1.0 and 7.00 and CL99 between 1.0 and 6.15 among the farms, presenting susceptibility in 75 percent of the farms, a correlation was found between the application interval and the presence of resistance. Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus populations are widely susceptible to ivermectin, being the interval of application of the acaricide a conditioning factor associated to resistance.
Context: Leafy vegetables, such as cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and chard (Beta vulgaris L.), play an important role in the human diet. A key factor in producing vegetable seedlings of acceptable quality is the type of growing medium. Objectives: Select an appropriate substrate for growing cabbage and chard in the seedling phase. Methods: Three substrates were used as treatments (1) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (100 %), (2) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (99.5 %) and 0. 5% dry mass of Pistia stratiotes L. and (3) Typical Red Ferralitic Soil (98 %) and 2.0 % of Pontederia crassipes Mart. Forty alveoli of 30 cm3 each were prepared per treatment. After 40 days of cultivation, 15 experimental units were randomly selected per treatment and their morphological characteristics were determined. The Dickson Quality Index was determined to select the appropriate treatment. Results: The experimental units reached maximum emergence at 15 days. Cabbage had an emergence rate of 60 % and chard 25 %. Cabbage seedlings had a higher Dickson Quality Index value in the experimental units where the Typical Red Ferralitic Soil treatment and 0.5 % dry mass of P. stratiotes were used, without showing significant differences with respect to the control experimental units. Swiss chard seedlings did not show significant differences between treatments. Conclusions: The dry mass of P. stratiotes and P. crassipes, as a substrate mixed with Typical Red Ferralitic Soil, is not considered appropriate for sowing cabbage and chard in their seedling phase, as long as the soil used as a substrate meets the necessary conditions for the development of these vegetables.
Context: In order to have a material that expresses higher levels of yield, quality and tolerance to stress conditions, it is necessary to develop better varieties and hybrids of maize, for which the characterization and preliminary evaluation can offer useful results, since it is necessarily know the group of individuals who could be the parents of the improved generation. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of 21 accessions maize from CIMMYT in Mexico, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Vertientes. Methods: A randomized block design with three replicates was used, the agronomic characteristics of 24 maize accessions. The following characters were recorded: plant and ear height, male and female blooms, biological cycle, ear length, number of rows per ear, mass of 1000 grains (g), grain yield (t.ha-1). Results: The results obtained indicate that the vegetative characters height of the plant and height of the cob, showed to be directly proportional variables, characterized by a small size; the entries expressed an early cycle and the male flowering with respect to the female had a difference in days of (+/- 1.22 days). Conclusions: The entries that presented the best agronomic characteristics were 14, 19, 18, 15 and 10 and an average yield of 4.39 t/ha, respectively. Seed was obtained for the next breeding cycle of 19 accessions. Through this study, mass selection was put into practice in the first generation of F1, which allows us continuity for the next selection cycle.
Context: The salinization of the soil now is since one of the most serious problems that faces the agriculture, it affects the production of foods significantly; for this reason it becomes necessary the study of tolerant cultivars to these conditions for their inclusion to the productive outlines of the country. Objective: To select for their tolerance to the salinity, 14 cultivars de Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Methods: It was studied under conditions in vitro the tolerance of 15 cultivars of grains in front of different concentrations of chloride of sodium (NaCl) (50 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm), for this end, it was determined: the germination percentage (PG) and the index of speed of germination (IVG) of the seeds as the index Maguire describes. Results: Of the 14 tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) studied they were selected as promissory as for the germination percentage (PG) to concentrations of 50 mm of NaCl, the cultivars T60 and FL-5 without significant differences among them, with regard to the rest. The M-78 continues him, with 80-germinationpercentage to this concentration of salt, for what you/they constitute promissory materials to be used in agroecosystems affected by this condition. All they showed differences in the index of speed of germination of seeds. As for the index of germination speed (IVG) he/she stands out in the control T60 and M-78 in the witness without significant differences among them and to the 50 Mm, FL-5 and T60, M-78 and CV-28 continue him, without significant differences among this finish. El rest of the studied cultivars did not tolerate the studied ranges of salinity. Conclusions: Of the 14 cultivars studied in the germination percentage (PG) to 50 mm of NaCl, they stand out the cultivars T60 and FL-5 with superior results without significant differences among them, with regard to the rest. The M-78 continues him, with 80-germinationpercentage to this concentration of salt, for what you/they propose as promissory to be used in agroecosystems affected by salinity.
Context: Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affect growth and development of crops, especially during the germination stage where seedling is more vulnerable. Aim: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. velazco during the germination process under saline stress conditions. Methods: Seeds were placed in Petri dishes with different solutions of sodium chloride (0-200 mmol L-1) for seven days. The percentage and value of germination, length of root and hypocotyl, number of secondary roots, fresh and dry weight of roots and hypocotyls, as well as content of total soluble proteins and reducing sugars were evaluated. A randomized completely design was performance with four replications. Results: The high concentrations of sodium chloride affected the percentage of germination, length of root and hypocotyl and germination speed. Based on fresh and dry matter content, the aerial part showed a higher susceptibility to salt stress in comparison with the roots. The concentration of reducing sugar in the treatments 150, 175 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl was higher than the control, whereas the higher values of soluble proteins were obtained in 75 and 100 mmol L-1 NaCl. Conclusions: The results indicated the presence of possible mechanisms of osmoprotection to reduce the negative effect of saline stress on germination and early growth stages of plantlets, and to maintain the functioning of metabolic processes and cellular homeostasia.
Contexto: La salinidad de los suelos constituye uno de los estreses abióticos más importantes que afecta el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los cultivos, en especial durante la etapa de germinación, donde la planta es más vulnerable. Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta de Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Velazco durante el proceso de germinación en condiciones de estrés salino. Métodos: Las semillas se sembraron en placas Petri con diferentes soluciones de cloruro de sodio (0-200 mmol L-1) durante siete días. Se evaluaron los indicadores porcentaje de germinación, valor de germinación, longitud de la raíz e hipocótilo, número de raíces secundarias, peso fresco y seco de raíces e hipocótilo, el contenido de proteínas solubles totales y de azúcares reductores. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro réplicas por tratamiento. Resultados: Las concentraciones elevadas de cloruro de sodio afectaron el porcentaje de germinación, el crecimiento de la raíz, del hipocótilo y la velocidad de germinación. La parte aérea mostró una mayor sensibilidad al estrés salino que la raíz con relación al peso fresco y seco. El contenido de azúcares reductores fue superior en los tratamientos 150, 175, 200 mmol L-1 de la sal con relación al control, mientras que los valores más elevados de proteínas solubles se obtuvieron en los tratamientos con 75 y 100 mmol L-1 de NaCl. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos indican posibles mecanismos de osmoprotección en esta variedad para reducir el efecto negativo del estrés salino en el proceso de germinación y crecimiento temprano de las plántulas, y mantener el funcionamiento de los procesos metabólicos y la homeostasia celular.
Context: Obtaining germplasm that expresses higher levels of yield, quality, and stress tolerance requires the development of improved maize varieties and hybrids. To this end, preliminary characterization and evaluation may yield useful results, making it necessary to identify the group of individuals that could serve as progenitors of the enhanced generation. Aim: To evaluate the performance of 21 maize accessions from CIMMYT, Mexico, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Vertientes, Cuba. Methods: A randomized block design with three replications was used, and the agronomic traits of 24 maize accessions were evaluated. The following traits were recorded: plant and ear height, male and female flowering, biological cycle, ear length, number of rows per ear, 1000-grain weight (g), and grain yield (t & centerdot;ha-1). Results: The vegetative traits-plant height and ear height-proved to be directly proportional, characterized by a short stature. The entries exhibited an early growth cycle, and male flowering occurred approximately +/- 1.22 days before female flowering. Conclusions: The entries that exhibited the best agronomic traits were numbers 14, 19, 18, 15, and 10, with an average grain yield of 4.39 t & centerdot;ha-1, respectively. Seeds were obtained from 19 entries for the next breeding cycle. Mass selection was applied in the first generation of the F1, enabling the continuation of the next selection cycle.
Context: Soil salinization is currently one of the most serious problems facing agriculture, as it significantly affects food production; for this reason, it is necessary to study cultivars that are tolerant to these conditions for their inclusion in the country's production schemes. Aim: To select 14 tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.), based on their tolerance to salinity. Methods: The tolerance of 14 tomato cultivars to different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) (50 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) was studied under in vitro conditions. For this purpose, the germination percentage (GP) and the germination rate index (GRI) of the seeds were determined, as described by the Maguire index. Results: Among the 14 tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) studied, T60 and FL-5 were selected as promising in terms of germination percentage (GP) at a concentration of 50 mM NaCl, with no significant differences between them compared to the others. It was followed by M-78, with an 80% germination rate at this salt concentration, making it a promising material for use in agroecosystems affected by this condition. All of them showed differences in the seed germination rate index. Regarding the germination rate index (GRI), T60 and M-78 stood out in the control group, with no significant differences between them. At 50 mM, FL-5 led, followed by T60, M-78, and CV-28, with no significant differences among the latter. The remaining cultivars studied did not tolerate the salinity levels evaluated. Conclusions: Among the 14 cultivars studied for germination percentage (GP) at 50 mM NaCl, the T60 and FL-5 cultivars stood out with superior results, showing no significant differences between them compared to the others. M-78 follows, with an 80% germination rate at this salt concentration, making it a promising candidate for use in agroecosystems affected by salinity.
Context: The presence in a private garden in Ciego de & Aacute;vila municipality of plants belonging to Caryophyllaceae that do not correspond to any of the species of this family registered in the preliminary inventory of Cuban vascular plants, generated the need to effectively publicize their existence in the country. Objectives: To reveal the identity of the taxon, describe its main phenotypic attributes and design an analytical key to differentiate it from other similar elements; to establish details regarding its presence in the country and to summarize elements related to its main properties and the use made of it. Methods: Botanical research methods were used, such as working with collections, comparison with descriptions and keys contained in specialized catalogues, as well as scientific description and illustration. Research was conducted with local residents to reveal aspects related to the ethnobotany of the species. Results: Gypsophila elegans was recorded for the first time in Cuba, which adds a new genus to the exotic flora present in the country. It is the only species of Caryophyllaceae in the national territory in which the presence of stipules coincides with connate sepals forming an obconic or campanulate cup. It has only been seen in cultivation, but it should be considered to have the potential to become naturalized and even invasive, given its behavior in other regions of the world. Conclusions: Because it is cultivated stably in at least, one region of the country and is promising from an ornamental point of view, as well as for its saponin content, Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb. should be considered part of the economic flora of Cuba.
Contexto: La especie de garrapata Rhipicephalus microplus se distribuye por todo el mundo y causa pérdidas económicas en explotaciones ganaderas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales (Jabbar et al., 2015). Los acaricidas cumplen un papel importante en el control de estas poblaciones, sin embargo, el uso desmesurado es causa para la resistencia. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la resistencia de R. microplus a ivermectina y factores condicionantes en bovinos. Métodos: En campo, se recolectó 880 garrapatas de cuatro fincas y se realizó una encuesta, en el laboratorio se evaluó la resistencia a ivermectina mediante bioensayos. Para la prueba de inmersión de adultos (PIA) se determinó: índice de fertilidad, inhibición de la ovoposición, eficiencia reproductiva, eficacia del producto y el porcentaje de resistencia, en donde se realizó pruebas de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, análisis de varianza (ANOVA) dos vías y comparación de medias mediante Dunnett; para la prueba de inmersión en larvas (PIL) se determinó: la mortalidad, se realizó un análisis PROBIT donde se calculó las concentraciones letales CL50, CL99 y pendiente; para los factores condicionantes se realizó una correlación de Pearson con los valores de relación de resistencia. Resultados: Los niveles de resistencia en la PIA fueron: 62.5 % susceptibles, 27.8 % resistencia media y 16.7% resistencia alta en las poblaciones de garrapatas. La PIL determinó la relación de resistencia CL50 que oscilan entre 1.0 y 7.00 y CL99 entre 1.0 y 6.15, con susceptibilidad en el 75 por ciento de las fincas, se halló una correlación entre el intervalo de aplicación y la presencia de resistencia. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las poblaciones de R. microplus, son ampliamente susceptibles a ivermectina, siendo el intervalo de aplicación del acaricida un factor condicionante asociado a la resistencia.
Contexto: La presencia en un jardín privado ubicado en el municipio de Ciego de Ávila, de plantas pertenecientes la familia Caryophyllaceae, que no se corresponden con ninguna de las especies de esta familia registradas en el inventario preliminar de plantas vasculares cubanas, generó la necesidad de dar a conocer, de manera efectiva, su presencia en el país. Objetivos: Develar la identidad del taxón, describir sus principales atributos fenotípicos y diseñar una clave analítica para diferenciarlo de otros elementos afines; establecer precisiones con respecto a su presencia en el país y compendiar elementos relacionados con sus principales propiedades y el uso que se hace de ella. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos de investigación propios de la botánica, como el trabajo con colecciones, la comparación con descripciones y claves contenidas en catálogos especializados, así como la descripción e ilustración científica. Se indagó con pobladores para develar aspectos relativos a la etnobotánica de la especie. Resultados: Se registró, por primera vez para Cuba, Gypsophila elegans, lo cual agrega, a su vez, un nuevo género a la flora exótica presente en el país, a la vez que se presenta una clave para identificar los géneros de Caryophyllaceae representados en el país. Es la única especie de esta familia en el territorio nacional en la que coincide la presencia de estípulas y de sépalos connados formando una copa obcónica o campanulada. Solo ha sido vista en cultivo, pero debe ser considerada con potencialidad para naturalizarse e incluso convertirse en invasora, dado su comportamiento en otras regiones del mundo. Conclusiones: Por cultivarse de manera estable, al menos en una región del país y resultar promisoria desde el punto de vista ornamental y para ser comercializada como flor cortada, así como por su contenido de saponinas, Gypsophila elegans debe ser considerada parte de la flora económica cubana actual.
Contexto: La salinización de los suelos en la actualidad es uno de los problemas más graves que enfrenta la agricultura, ya que afecta significativamente la producción de alimentos; por esta razón se hace necesario el estudio de cultivares tolerantes a estas condiciones para su inclusión a los esquemas productivos del país. Objetivo: Seleccionar por su tolerancia a la salinidad, 14 cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Métodos: Se estudió en condiciones in vitro la tolerancia de 14 cultivares de tomate frente a diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (NaCl) (50 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM), para este fin se determinó: el porcentaje de germinación (PG) y el índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG) de las semillas según describe el índice Maguire. Resultados: De los 14 cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) estudiados se seleccionaron como promisorios en cuanto al porcentaje de germinación (PG) a concentraciones de 50 mM de NaCl, los cultivares T60 y FL-5 sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, con respecto al resto. Le sigue el M-78, con un 80% de germinación a esta concentración de sal, por lo que constituyen materiales promisorios para ser utilizados en agroecosistemas afectados por esta condición. Todas ellos mostraron diferencias en el índice de velocidad de germinación de semillas. En cuanto al índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG) se destaca en el control T60 y M-78 en el testigo sin diferencias significativas entre ellos y a los 50 Mm, FL-5 y le continuan T60, M-78 y CV-28, sin diferencias significativas entre estos últimos. El resto de los cultivares estudiados no toleraron los rangos de salinidad estudiados. Conclusiones: De los 14 cultivares estudiados en el porcentaje de germinación (PG) a 50 mM de NaCl, se destacan los cultivares T60 y FL-5 con resultados superiores sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, con respecto al resto. Le sigue el M-78, con un 80% de germinación a esta concentración de sal, por lo que proponen como promisorios para ser utilizados en agroecosistemas afectados por salinidad. Contexto: La salinización de los suelos en la actualidad es uno de los problemas más graves que enfrenta la agricultura, ya que afecta significativamente la producción de alimentos; por esta razón se hace necesario el estudio de cultivares tolerantes a estas condiciones para su inclusión a los esquemas productivos del país. Objetivo: Seleccionar por su tolerancia a la salinidad, 14 cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Métodos: Se estudió en condiciones in vitro la tolerancia de 14 cultivares de tomate frente a diferentes concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (NaCl) (50 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM), para este fin se determinó: el porcentaje de germinación (PG) y el índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG) de las semillas según describe el índice Maguire. Resultados: De los 14 cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) estudiados se seleccionaron como promisorios en cuanto al porcentaje de germinación (PG) a concentraciones de 50 mM de NaCl, los cultivares T60 y FL-5 sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, con respecto al resto. Le sigue el M-78, con un 80% de germinación a esta concentración de sal, por lo que constituyen materiales promisorios para ser utilizados en agroecosistemas afectados por esta condición. Todas ellos mostraron diferencias en el índice de velocidad de germinación de semillas. En cuanto al índice de velocidad de germinación (IVG) se destaca en el control T60 y M-78 en el testigo sin diferencias significativas entre ellos y a los 50 Mm, FL-5 y le continuan T60, M-78 y CV-28, sin diferencias significativas entre estos últimos. El resto de los cultivares estudiados no toleraron los rangos de salinidad estudiados. Conclusiones: De los 14 cultivares estudiados en el porcentaje de germinación (PG) a 50 mM de NaCl, se destacan los cultivares T60 y FL-5 con resultados superiores sin diferencias significativas entre ellos, con respecto al resto. Le sigue el M-78, con un 80% de germinación a esta concentración de sal, por lo que proponen como promisorios para ser utilizados en agroecosistemas afectados por salinidad.
Context: Seeds constitute the starting material for agricultural production, however, studies on quality parameters are insufficient once they have been subjected to prolonged storage periods. Objective: To determine the behavior of the physical characteristics, viability and germination capacity of Cucurbita pepo L. var seeds. INIVIT C-2000 post storage. Methods: The physical characteristics (pubescence, presence of striae, shape, color, size), imbibition capacity (by difference between wet weight and dry weight) and viability were described by the indicator method with 0.5% triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride. Then a germination test was developed under controlled conditions with two groups of seeds where percentage of germination, germination uniformity, average germination speed, germination vigor and time to reach 50% germination were evaluated. Results: The color, shape and surface are little variable characteristics in this species and the uniformity for the weight of the seeds showed imbibition capacity. The sum of doubtful embryos (18) and non-viable embryos (36) grouped together the greatest number, indicative of a loss of viability. The physiological quality parameters evaluated showed percentages lower than 88%, which suggests that, since acquisition, the seeds showed some deterioration in their germination properties. Conclusions: The physical quality of the seeds and their imbibition capacity are maintained, however, a progressive loss of germination capacity was evident, indicative of a decrease in physiological quality.
Context: Interest in deepening the knowledge of the life and work of Roig y Mesa, a relevant Cuban botanist of the 19th and 20th centuries. Objective: Value the author's work, with emphasis on his contributions to the knowledge of the Cuban flora, with a view to facilitating its location by contemporary and future researchers. Methods: Documentary, historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive review. Scientific information referring to the author was located on web pages from different universities around the world. They were arranged chronologically, alphabetically and taxonomically, depending on the topic addressed. The APA VII standard was followed for settlements. Results: Roig y Mesa distinguished himself as an educator and scientist, and he also left a fruitful written work. He is credited with being the first to propose the need for sustainable use and conservation of Cuban forests. He was also a pioneer in studying and disseminating the economic usefulness of Cuban plants, especially medicinal ones. Its active and passive bibliography are summarized and updated. The publication of 132 publications authored by him is confirmed, 119 of them as first author, for 90%. It relates 99 quotes from other authors, with 38 press reports, 8 interviews and 41 tributes or comments on his work. The 13 postage stamps dedicated to the Cuban scientist are reported. Here scientific information is updated for the first time about the names that he contributed to science and those who were dedicated to him. Conclusions: Roig y Mesa transcends as the first to defend the need for sustainable use and conservation of Cuban forests and is presented as a standard bearer in the dissemination of the economic usefulness of Cuban plants, especially medicinal ones.
Context: Phenology is perhaps the most important biological factor in irrigation programming. Although the stages of cultivation are defined in calendar days, their values change depending on weather conditions. To make irrigation programming more precise, the degree day (degrees D) concept has been incorporated, which has proven to be a tool that can be applied both in plots and in large irrigation areas, even in variable climate and weather conditions of water availability. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine, through modeling with AquaCrop, the optimal sowing date and irrigation needs of the common bean crop, using the concept of degree days. Methods: For modeling with AquaCrop, the Buenaventura cultivar was used, which has a potential yield of 3,00 t ha(-1) and is recommended for sowing from September to January, sowing dates with intervals of 10 days were used. Results: Sowing dates can cause a difference of 16 days in the crop cycle. The optimal yield is obtained when the crop is sown on November 20, which can reach 3 t ha(-1) and a cycle of 78 days. Conclusions: It was found that, as a trend, yield decreases with the reduction of the crop cycle. The EUAR and PAR indicators are not optimal at the optimal planting date and are indicators that allow to management timely the irrigation system and represent the economic value of water in production.
Context: The Azotobacter genus is used to stimulate the growth of economically important crops. To know the native strains' potential can permit better use of the bacteria as active ingredient of bioproducts for Cuban agriculture. Objective: To characterize as plant growth promoting to three Azotobacter strains isolated from Cuban agroecosystems. Methods: Azotobacter strains INIFAT-12, INIFAT-20 and INIFAT-21, keep on INIFAT Bacteria Collection, where characterized by its abiotic stress tolerance, potential to fix nitrogen, to solubilize nutrients, produce lithic enzyme, its action against pathogen fungi and the effect of its application over common bean, wheat and tomato on controlled conditions. Results: The growth of three Azotobacter strains decreases under stress conditions, although they always show a positive result that suggests some tolerance mechanism. All the strains fix nitrogen and release protease and lipase enzymes, but none of them solubilize nutrients and also release cellulose enzymes. Only INIFAT-20 strain release amylase enzymes. The antagonist activity was similar against to Curvularia palense, but for Fusarium chlamydosporum was better INIFAT-20 strain. The bacteria application had a positive effect in growth of common bean, wheat and tomato plants. Conclusions: Azotobacter strains resident in Cuban agroecosystems have potential to be used as plants growth promoting, that is why this a promising genus to obtain new agricultural bioproducts in Cuba.
Context: It ventures into an aspect of the history of education; the beginning of the teaching of botany in Cuba. Objectives: Assess the circumstances in which this took place and its progress during the initial stage. Methods: The methods: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and historical-logical, to evaluate information obtained through documentary analysis, were used. Results: The first contribution, made at the San Carlos Seminary in Havana, is attributed to the priest F & eacute;lix Varela and the first published textbook are characterized. It is noted that such events were related to the interest of the Creole manufacturing bourgeoisie in advancing agriculture and the sugar industry, with the enthusiasm that reigned in Havana as a result of the visit of illustrious botanists and the efforts that were made to create a botanic garden. It is concluded that, in the promotion of teaching of the discipline between 1790 and 1842, the scientific dissemination, frequent debates within the Economic Society of Friends of the Country, the activity of correspondent partners of foreign institutions and the work of the Botanical Garden of Havana, played an important role. Conclusions: The beginning of the teaching of botany in Cuba occurred thanks to the actions of a group of pioneers who not only had the initiative to start the process in the country, but also made the greatest efforts to achieve it. We will have to return to the experience accumulated in this field by Cuban education over more than two centuries to face the new challenges that lie ahead.
Context: The ancestral knowledge associated with plants with medicinal uses is at risk of being lost, hence the importance of carrying out ethnobotanical explorations to rescue said knowledge, preserve it and generalize it. Objective: To determine the ethnomedicinal potential of Heliotropium angiospermum as a source of alternative medicines. Methods: An ethnobotanical study was carried out through a semi-structured interview, which inquired about the utilities attributed to H. angiospermum in different family patios of the La Prueba settlement. A sample of 35 key informants selected by the snowball method was used.The answers were grouped according to consensus among the informants and the spectrum of use, use value, use value index, significant tramil use and index of cultural importance were determined, in addition to other ethnobotanical indicators. Results: The studied species was only recognized by 94.29 % of the informants, to which they attributed utility, exclusively, from the medicinal point of view, being skin problems, inflammations and cancer the main diseases treated.The leaf was the main organ used to obtain alternative medicines and the main forms of preparation were infusion and common water. Conclusions: H. angiospermum is widely used as a medicinal plant to which properties are conferred for the treatment of diseases related to the presence of free radicals and has a strong implication in the social and cultural environment of people.
Context: Professional Technical Education has the responsibility of training the qualified workforce in different specialties. In particular, the Construction Family includes the specialty of Qualified Masonry Worker, which must integrate solid theoretical and practical preparation. This is essential to collaborate with economic actors in the development of municipal autonomy, local production of construction materials and food sovereignty, focusing on the construction of rural housing and accessory constructions in the new way of conceiving rural development. Objective: To substantiate the regularities and trends in vocational training from local production for rural and accessory constructions of students specializing in Skilled Masonry. Methods: The essential methods that were used are the documentary review and the historical-logical, which made it possible to demonstrate the insufficiencies in the professional training from local production for the rural constructions of the students of Qualified Worker in Masonry for their performance and participation in local development projects and territorial autonomy. Results: Relationships are offered and established between the fundamental categories of the research: didactic management-professional training from local production for rural constructions. Conclusions: As a result of the systematization of the conceptual theoretical framework, it is confirmed that the didactic management that contained professional training in conventional productive scenarios such as companies and labor entities, will also be aimed at professional training from local production for rural constructions; favoring the use of educational contexts that promote the territorial development of the Skilled Masonry Worker.
Context: In bean cultivation, it is necessary to implement effective sustainable practices, such as the efficient use of external inputs, agroecological practices, soil management and conservation, accompanied by the consolidation of value chains in which better management skills are observed. Objective: The objective of the research was to evaluate the sustainability of farms dedicated to bean production in municipalities of the Granma province. Methods: The research was based on the principles of Participatory Action Research based on the integration of multi-criteria analysis methods and tools for the study and evaluation of sustainability. To obtain the necessary information and the analysis of the dimensions (economic, ecological and sociocultural), exploratory tours and informal interviews, observations and measurements, and adaptation were combined, subsequently the value of each index (ecological, economic and social) was calculated. and the General Sustainability Index (IGS). Results: In the ecological dimension, 5 farms presented an index greater than 0.7; The La Am & eacute;rica and El Porvenir farms showed lower indices. Results: similar to those described were observed in the economic dimension and the greatest difficulties are presented in the indicators related to the use, generation and maximum use of energy in the system. In the social dimension, all the farms were above the sustainability threshold, 0.5. The IGS is in accordance with the ecological, economic and social dimension of the farms analyzed. Conclusions: The sustainability indicators evaluated show more favorable values in farms that implement a greater number of agroecological practices and knowledge that affect bean production. The La Victoria farm has the highest & Iacute;GS for the agroecological activities implemented, the best management and conservation of soils, production and use of energy and exchange of knowledge.
