A spotless skin is a rarity. Both women and men have different problems related to the complexion. One of the most common problems is acne, which affects an increasing number of people of all ages. Seborrhea skin areas rich in sebaceous glands, the formation of comedones, inflammation, and scars are characteristic for this disease. The aim of the study was to discuss the causes of acne vulgaris, methods of treatment, and proper care of the skin affected by this problem.
INTRODUCTION Studies on many populations have shown that the length of the second finger (2D) compared to the fourth (4D), expressed as the finger length ratio (2D:4D), might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. It was also found that the values of 2D:4D differ significantly between examined populations. It is thought that the value of 2D:4D is determined in early foetal life under the influence of genetic factors and the strong influence of sex hormones. It has been proven that the values of 2D:4D are related to, for instance, sexual orientation, and artistic and sporting ability. Recently, increasing interest in the clinical signifi- cance of finger length ratio in the diagnosis of somatic and mental disorders has been observed. For example, it was found that values of 2D:4D in individuals suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia or autism were significantly lower compared to healthy subjects. The aim of the study was to determine sexual dimor- phism in finger length ratio among representatives of the Polish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 115 people (57 females and 58 males). Anthropometric meas- urements were taken from the second and fourth finger of the right and left hands - from the point of dactylion (da) to pseudophalangion (pph) using analogue callipers. We calculated the significance of differences in 2D:4D between males and females separately for the right and left hands. RESULTS In both hands mean 2D:4D values were lower in males than in females. The difference in the right hand reached the statistical significance level with p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Among the subjects from the examined population the 2D:4D ratio shows trends characteristic for sexual dimorphism.
Glioblastoma multiforme is a particularly malignant form of primary brain tumor. This cancer represents 12-15% of all brain tumors. Despite advances in neurosurgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the average survival rate is only from 12.1 to 14.6 months. Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by its diverse histological and cellular features. Like other malignant tumours, it is formed in a multi-stage process of somatic cell transformations, accumulating several genetic disorders. The last decade was a period of particular interest in stem cells. These cells have so far been identified in a variety of primary tumours in the brain. They are probably responsible for the recurrence and progression of cancer. Given the current state of knowledge, it is likely that modifications to the previously used morphological classification of tumours of the CNS will be made by the WHO, as well as the extension of its molecular criteria. In particular, such strategies are awaited for Glioblastoma multiforme--the most malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system, with so far very poor prognosis.
The article describes attitudes to disability and physically disabled people, taking into account the aspect of ethical and social location, what physically disabled meant in societies, and ways to solve the problems of disability. The article is based on studies of disability and historical sources. Christ's attitude shown in the Gospels changed the traditional cultures of the ancient treatment of disability in terms of it being seen as a penalty of the divine. The development of Christianity caused a gradual expansion of the ideas of charity, at the same time stepping up care and material support to all those physically disabled in need. Care of the disabled is based mostly on charity. Church activities supported, by the structure of the State and private individuals, was of paramount importance. Medieval society felt responsible for disabled people.
The vitality of dental pulp is essential for long-term tooth survival. The aim of vital pulp therapy is to preserve vital, healthy pulp tissue. This therapy's foundation is the elimination of bacteria from the dentin-pulp complex. The treatment option depends on the cause and extent of mineralised tooth tissue destruction. The outcome of such treatment is determined by accurate assessment of the pulp's status and the dentist's ability to predict the success of the therapy. The aim of this review is to facilitate the dentist in making a proper decision referring to vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth, and to provide an overview of new approaches in such treatment.
