Urinary tract endometriosis is rare, and ureteral involvement is particularly insidious due to its asymptomatic nature. The absence of symptoms can lead to ureteral stricture, hydronephrosis, chronic kidney disease up to end-stage renal failure, and irreversible loss of kidney function. Diagnosis requires imaging methods to assess the degree of obstruction, while treatment involves surgical release of the ureter from endometriotic infiltrates to preserve organ function. Our observation illustrates the difficulty of establishing the etiology of a retroperitoneal tumor-like infiltrate leading to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis, as well as the need for differential diagnosis of endometriosis with other infiltrative processes.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous articles have appeared on clinical changes in organs and systems in individuals with humoral immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is a lack of data on a comprehensive clinical and morphological study of a group of patients with acquired immunity. Objective. To compare lung pathology with humoral immunity data to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in patients who died from a new coronavirus infection with elevated serum Ig class G and M levels and negative PCR. Material and methods. An analysis of clinical, laboratory, and pathomorphological changes was conducted in 33 autopsy observations of patients who died during the first half of 2021 in the specialized non-infectious departments of the City Clinical Hospital No. 31 named after Academician G.M. Savelyeva with an elevated content of serum Ig class G and M in the blood Results. Despite the negative PCR, elevated concentrations of Ig to SARS-CoV-2 proteins were detected in the blood of patients: IgG 0.31 — 532.56 OCE (Me 109.33 OCE), IgM 0.14 — 16.8 U / ml (Me 0.62 IU / ml). At an IgG concentration of 0.31-109.33 OCE in the lungs, an exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was described, in the IgG range of 122.57-158.72 OCE, exudative-proliferative DAD was described, at IgG values 207.2-532.56 OCE, the proliferative phase of DAD occurred Conclusion. The study revealed a sequence of pathological changes in the lungs, depending on the serum IgG concentration, characteristic of DAP. The findings confirm the multifaceted nature of the novel coronavirus infection
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the context of the development of antibody-drug conjugates. In this setting, reproducible and biologically meaningful immunohistochemical assessment of TROP2 expression, taking into account its intracellular localization, is of particular importance. Objective. To characterize TROP2 expression in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological parameters using different immunohistochemical assessment methods. Material and methods. This retrospective single-center study included 60 cases of NSCLC (30 adenocarcinomas and 30 squamous cell carcinomas) diagnosed between 2019 and 2023. TROP2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the semi-quantitative H-score and the normalized membrane ratio (NMR), reflecting the relative contribution of membranous and cytoplasmic expression. Associations between TROP2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Results. TROP2 expression was detected in all examined NSCLC samples. TROP2 expression assessed by H-score was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma compared with lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.0001), whereas NMR values did not differ between histological subtypes. No associations were observed between H-score and clinicopathological parameters. In contrast, NMR demonstrated histotype-dependent associations: with tumor stage in lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.0483) and with lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.0139). The proportion of cases meeting the NMR-based criteria for TROP2 positivity was low. Conclusion. The results indicate that the choice of TROP2 assessment method substantially influences data interpretation. Consideration of intracellular protein localization using the NMR appears to be more informative than conventional semi-quantitative approaches and may reflect biological features of tumor progression in NSCLC.
The practical implementation of new immunohistochemical reagents and equipment requires validation in the each pathology department of a medical institution performing intravital diagnostics. This article presents the validation results for reagents and an immunostainer, which required optimizing certain parameters. This enabled reproducible results to those performed using conventional instrument platforms and routine reagents.
The article reviews current methodologies for developing prognostic models in solid tumors using bioinformatics data. Primary focus is placed on the transition from discrete genetic alteration analysis toward the synthesis of functionally related gene panels and prognostic risk scores leveraging TCGA, GEO, and specialized databases (e.g., FerrDb, ImmPort). The role of various regulated cell death programs — including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis — is analyzed in detail as critical predictors of patient survival and therapeutic response. The study systematizes machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest, matrix factorization techniques) and cellular deconvolution methods (CIBERSORT, TIMER) employed to characterize the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment. The work discusses the potential of mathematical synthesis of molecular data to enhance the objective assessment of tumor invasive potential and explores future perspectives for personalized patient stratification within precision oncology frameworks.
