Introduction: This study identified joint profiles of bullying victimization and psychological well-being among adolescents in the PISA 2018 B-S-J-Z (China) sample and examined their associations with parental support, teacher support, and resilience. Methods: Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression were conducted on data from 11,570 adolescents (52.1% male and 47.9% female; mean age = 15.8 years) participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018. Results: A 7-class solution was identified, ranging from minimal victimization (high/low well-being) to severe victimization (low well-being). Parental support was associated with higher odds of being in Class 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.068, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.019–1.120; P = 0.007) and Class 4 (OR = 1.175, 95% CI: 1.124–1.227; P < 0.001), and lower odds of being in Class 6 (high victimization with low well-being; OR = 0.883, 95% CI: 0.803–0.970; P = 0.010). Teacher support was associated with higher odds of being in Class 3 (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.004–1.094; P = 0.031) and Class 4 (OR = 1.175, 95% CI: 1.130–1.223; P < 0.001). Resilience was associated with higher odds of being in Class 4 (OR = 1.113, 95% CI: 1.071–1.157; P < 0.001) and lower odds of being in Class 2 (OR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.839–0.920; P < 0.001) and Class 7 (severe victimization with low well-being; OR = 0.929, 95% CI: 0.873–0.988; P = 0.020). Conclusion: These findings reveal the heterogeneity in bullying victimization and psychological well-being among adolescents within China’s distinct socioeducational environment, offering evidence for tailored interventions.
Introduction: Subtle changes in attention and emotion characterize early cognitive decline. In Asian elders, where family is central, culturally tailored reminiscence therapy (RT)-inspired visual stimulation may amplify autobiographical engagement. We aimed to determine whether visual–autonomic coupling, assessed through eye-tracking and galvanic skin response (GSR), serves as a sensitive physiological indicator of cognitive vulnerability during family-centered, RT-inspired visual stimulation. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 37 older adults (aged 54–92) from dementia service centers in Taiwan, stratified by clinical dementia rating (CDR) score (0, 0.5, 1). Participants viewed self-selected community and family-centered personal photos (early, ≥30 years; recent, <5 years), whereas eye-tracking and GSR were simultaneously recorded to assess visual–autonomic synchrony. Results: The normal cognition group (CDR = 0) showed significantly larger pupil diameters, especially for recent personal photos (3.56 ± 0.87 mm), compared to CDR = 0.5 (2.64 ± 0.52 mm) and CDR = 1 (2.97 ± 0.61 mm; P < 0.05). GSR responses exhibited sharper declines in CDR = 0.5 and blunted patterns in CDR = 1. Visual–autonomic coupling strength differed by stage: moderate in CDR = 0 (r = 0.41–0.47), stronger in CDR = 0.5 (r = 0.62–0.71), and minimal in CDR = 1 (r = 0.14). Time-resolved peaks reached ρ ≈0.90 in CDR = 0. Notably, high responders showed detectable synchrony to self-relevant stimuli, suggesting residual plasticity. Conclusion: These findings indicate that pupil–GSR coupling could serve as an exploratory indicator of early cognitive vulnerability. The study supports the potential of personalized, RT-inspired visual stimulation for guiding interventions in individuals at risk of dementia.
Introduction: People with disabilities have limited access to preventive oral care and a high risk of tooth loss, but evidence on whether the benefit of regular periodontal treatment differs by disability type is limited. This study examined the association between regular periodontal treatment and tooth loss among people with disabilities in South Korea by disability type and severity. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used National Health Insurance Service claims data (2002–2018). Five nonoverlapping cohorts (2003–2014, 2004–2015, 2005–2016, 2006–2017, and 2007–2018) were constructed, each with a 7-year appraisal period and 5-year follow-up. Individuals with continuous insurance eligibility for 12 years were included. Participants were 13–64-year-old people with disabilities who used dental services at least once; 388,829 were analyzed after excluding missing sociodemographic data. Regular periodontal treatment was defined as scaling and/or root planing at least once every 2 years. Generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution and log link were used. Results: The brain lesions and mental disabilities group had the lowest regular periodontal care rate (23.8%) and the highest mean number of tooth extractions (3.1 teeth/5 years). The interaction was significant for orthopedic impairment (IRR = 1.106, P < 0.001), but not for brain lesions and mental disabilities (IRR = 0.968, P = 0.120). Conclusion: Regular periodontal care was associated with fewer tooth extractions, with the strongest association in people with orthopedic disabilities. Tailored policies should consider disability type, severity, and periodontal care status while promoting oral hygiene, access, and caregiver support.
Introduction: Globally, screen exposure of children and adolescents has become an important public health issue. Existing studies lack large-scale, multi-year evidence, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. This study fills this gap using the national data collected from 2019 to 2022. Methods: We used the data on internet use among children and adolescents from a survey conducted by the Department for Safeguarding the Rights and Interests of Youth and China Internet Network Information Center. The survey adopted a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a nationwide survey on internet use among students across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Results: From 2019 to 2022, excessive internet screen time (>2 h/day) among Chinese children and adolescents exhibited a S-shaped trend, while their psychological dependence increased (P < 0.001). In 2022, the internet penetration rate among children and adolescents has reached 97.2%, indicating that the digital divide in access has been basically eliminated. However, the content creation rate among children and adolescents is only 10.3%, making the digital engagement divide prominent. In addition, the family guardianship structure shows a gradient effect on the risk of children and adolescents’ exposure to internet screens (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Children and adolescents have basically achieved universal internet access, and the main issue has shifted from how to access the internet to how to use it effectively. This phenomenon was particularly strengthened during the COVID-19. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing epidemiological monitoring and implementing interventions involving families, society, and policies.
Introduction: Socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle behaviors are recognized determinants of chronic disease risk, but their relative contributions to early-onset and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain uncertain. Methods: This cohort study comprised 35,360 participants from the UK Biobank. SES was derived from education, income, and employment using latent class analysis, and lifestyle was assessed through a four-component score (smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and diet). Incident RA was identified through hospital and mortality records. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for early-onset (<65 years) and late-onset (≥65 years) RA, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses performed to test robustness. Results: During follow-up, 997 incident RA cases were identified (318 early-onset, 679 late-onset). Lower SES was strongly associated with a higher risk of RA in both groups, with a greater relative effect in early-onset disease (low vs. high SES, HR: 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–3.22) than in late-onset disease (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.63–2.43). A healthy lifestyle was associated with reduced RA risk, particularly in late-onset RA (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.75 for lifestyle score 3–4 vs. 0–1), while the effect was more modest in early-onset RA (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55–0.98). Joint analyses showed the highest risks among individuals with both low SES and poor lifestyle, with HRs of 3.42 (95% CI: 1.93–6.07) for early-onset and 3.24 (95% CI: 2.29–4.60) for late-onset RA. Conclusion: Socioeconomic disadvantage is a predominant driver of early-onset RA, whereas lifestyle factors are more influential for late-onset disease. Healthy lifestyles can attenuate but not fully offset the risk associated with low SES.
