Abstract Identifying and characterizing Anopheles mosquitoes through spot surveys is critical for malaria control, especially in endemic and receptive areas. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, malaria cases have been reported in Kulonprogo, with the latest 10 cases in 2023. This study aimed to identify Anopheles species and their resting behavior as risk factors for local malaria transmission. A cross-sectional entomological survey was conducted in Samigaluh, Kulonprogo. Mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches (indoor and outdoor) and resting collections in animal shelters from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM. Specimens were identified by species, vector density, and parity status. Five Anopheles species were detected, predominantly resting in animal shelters: An. vagus (71.9%), An. annularis (21.9%), An. aconitus (3.95%), An. kochi (1.69%), and An. barbirostris (0.56%). All biting activity occurred outdoors between 6:00 PM and 3:00 AM, with species-specific activity peaks. An. vagus had the highest man biting rate (0.88 bites/person/hour) and was active early in the evening. The overall parity rate was 85.71%, indicating a mature mosquito population with potential for malaria transmission. These findings highlight An. vagus as the dominant species in the area, exhibiting exophagic and zoophilic behavior, and suggest that sustained vector surveillance is essential to support malaria elimination efforts in receptive regions.
Aedes aegypti is a dengue fever vector that can transmit dengue (DEN-V). Pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate synthetic insecticides are often used as dengue control because they are very effective, quick to show results, and have minimal environmental impact. Garlic is commonly used as a seasoning by some people, but this plant has potential as an alternative larvicide. This plant contains the compounds allicin, sulfur ammonia acid, and allin. This study aims to determine the larvicidal effect of garlic extract on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae. The study was conducted with a post-test with a control group design of 5 groups. There are two groups: a negative control group (Aquadest) and a positive control (Temefos 1%). The other three groups were treated with garlic extract concentrations of 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3). There were 375 Ae. aegypti larvae with 3 repetitions, and 24 hours of larval mortality were observed. The Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests analyzed larval mortality data. LC50 and LC90 values were subjected to probit analysis. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were differences in the effectiveness of garlic extracts on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae (p = 0.007). The LC50 value is 2.346%, while the LC90 value is 2.641%. Garlic extract (Allium sativum) is effective as a larvicide for Ae. aegypti
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health issue in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Larvicidal insecticides such as temephos (Abate) are commonly used for vector control; however, repeated use may lead to resistance in Aedes aegypti populations.This study aimed to assess the resistance level of Aedes aegypti larvae to temephos in dengue-endemic areas of Kendari City.Laboratory tests were conducted at the Entomology and Parasitology Laboratory of Mandala Waluya University. Larvae were collected from three endemic sub-districts: Baruga, Kadia, and Poasia. Resistance was tested using temephos at concentrations of 0.005 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, and 0.03 mg/L. Each treatment was replicated three times with 25 larvae per replicate. Mortality was recorded after 24 hours of exposure. All tested populations demonstrated resistance, with larval mortality rates remaining below 80% across all concentrations. In Baruga, the highest mortality (60%) occurred at 0.03 mg/L with an LC₅₀ of 0.023 mg/L. In Kadia, the highest mortality was 42.66%. In Poasia, 49.33% mortality was observed at 0.03 mg/L with an LC₅₀ of 0.043 mg/L. No mortality was observed in the control group, thus Abbott's correction was not applied. Aedes aegypti larvae from dengue-endemic regions in Kendari City exhibited resistance to temephos at all tested concentrations. These findings highlight the need for reevaluation of larvicide use and implementation of integrated vector control strategies.
Kelurahan Sungai Pinang memiliki kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan endemis dengue. Keberadaan Aedes spp. sebagai vektor virus dengue diperparah dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang terkontrol, seperti banjir yang memperbanyak wadah tergenang sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk. Variasi tipe rumah juga mempengaruhi populasi Aedes spp., sehingga penelitian mengenai indeks entomologi dan jenis rumah yang mempengaruhi keberadaan telur Aedes spp. perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati indeks entomologi Aedes spp. di Kelurahan Sungai Pinang (1°59'13.3" S dan 102°02'55.2" E) berupa house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI), ovitrap index (OI), dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) di wilayah RT 07 dan RT 18 beserta kaitannya dengan jenis rumah sampling di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Teknik sampling secara purposive dengan memilih RT dengan kasus dengue tahun 2023 – awal tahun 2024. Data indeks entomologi dianalisis secara univariat, sedangkan analisis korelasi Spearman dilakukan secara bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan HI sebesar 22,35%, CI 15,22%, dan BI 63,92%. Nilai HI dan CI termasuk dalam kategori densitas sedang, sedangkan BI termasuk kategori tinggi. Angka bebas jentik di RT 07 dan RT 18 adalah 77,65%, masih di bawah target nasional 95%. Ovitrap index mencapai 89,41%, menunjukkan tingkat resiko tinggi. Rumah yang ditemukan telur nyamuk > 10 buah adalah rumah semi-permanen dengan celah di dinding kayu dan atap tanpa plafon. Kelurahan Sungai Pinang masuk dalam kategori berisiko tinggi terjadi penularan dengue.
Aromatherapy candles are a safe and effective insecticide innovation with a long-lasting fragrance. Aromatherapy candles can also act as an adulticide for mosquitoes if made from the essential oil of patchouli leaves that have natural insecticidal properties against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This research aims to determine the adulticidal effect of patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) essential oil aromatherapy candle against Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This research is experimental with a post-test only control group design divided into six groups: one negative control group and five treatment groups (25, 40, 55, 70, and 85%) with four repetitions. Each group consisted of 20 Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Before testing, the aromatherapy candle was lit in the test room for three hours and then extinguished. The mosquitoes were exposed to the vapor produced by patchouli essential oil aromatherapy candles for five hours, and the mortality rate was assessed every hour. Afterward, the data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni and probit analyses. The average mosquito mortality rate was 0% in the negative control group and 25; 32.5; 51.25; 70; and 87.5% in the treatment groups of 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85%, respectively. The data analysis indicated a significant difference in the mosquito mortality rate in all treatment groups (p<0.05) with a 95% confidence interval. Meanwhile, the probit analysis showed an LC50 of 63% and LC90 of 96.067%. We conclude that the aromatherapy candle made from patchouli essential oil had an adulticidal effect on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
