Background Nemolizumab (CIM331) is a monoclonal antibody that binds the IL-31 receptor alpha component. This inhibits IL-31 from acting on neurons that constrains the initialization of the sense of pruritus in cases of atopic dermatitis. Aims To summarize the results of reported studies evaluating the role of nemolizumab and omalizumab in management of atopic dermatitis. Methods This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized controlled trials, observational, and experimental studies which study role of nemolizumab in management of atopic dermatitis. Results The review included 8 randomized studies reported efficacy of both nemolizumab and omalizumab for management of atopic dermatitis. Conclusion Other studies with large numbers of patients with AD are necessary to define the adverse effects of both drugs in the treatment of AD.
Background Patients with COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus (DM) are reportedly more likely to develop severe clinical course and increased mortality. Aims We aimed to investigate the prevalence of newly diagnosed DM in COVID-19 patients and observe the association of underlying DM with increasing incidence of serious adverse events and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Embase/Ovid for relevant articles that match our inclusion criteria. We assessed the quality of studies using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Our outcomes of interest were mainly the prevalence of ICU admissions and mortality. Results The pooled proportion of newly diagnosed DM in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 44.5 per cent. We report that newly diagnosed diabetics indicate a poor prognosis of COVID-19 compared with non-diabetics or previously-known DM. We also show that COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed DM are at increased risk of getting ICU admissions compared with patients with pre-existing DM. Conclusion We show that 44.5 per cent of hospitalized COVID-19 patients are likely to develop DM. We also confirm that DM worsens the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and raises the incidence rates of both ICU admissions and mortality. Key Words.
Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare and poorly understood entity, defined as a generalised proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells arranged in scattered single cells, small nodules or linear patterns that do not invade beyond the bronchial epithelial basement membrane.The diagnosis of DIPNECH requires clinical, radiological and histopathology correlation. However, it is often diagnosed incidentally on histopathological examination of lung biopsy specimen performed for other reasons or discovered due to investigations for unexplained respiratory symptoms.In the first publication of a case series of DINPNECH and NECH in Australia, we describe seven histopathologically confirmed cases of DIPNECH or NECH. All patients were females, aged 57-70, mostly non-smoker. The most common presenting symptoms were dry cough and progressive dyspnoea. 71 per cent of patients had typical radiological findings with nodular changes.
A 30-year-old female presented two days post myomectomy with blurred vision due to myopic shift. She was found to have a shallow anterior chamber with normal intra-ocular pressures and no uveal effusion. This was thought to be medication induced and after suspending celecoxib her vision improved back to baseline.
