Crinum latifolium L. is an Amaryllidaceae medicinal plant known for its alkaloid constituents, but its detectable phytochemical profile may vary with extraction conditions. We compared leaf extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction and ethanol maceration using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. We tentatively annotated 98 compounds in 12 chemical classes, with flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides forming the largest class, followed by alkaloids and phenolic acids. We detected 68 compounds in the SC-CO2 extract and 42 in the ethanol extract, with 12 occurring in both, giving a Jaccard similarity index of 0.122. Based on the literature examined, 66 compounds represent potential first records for C. latifolium. The two extraction procedures produced distinct but complementary detectable profiles, and the broader chemical coverage observed for SC-CO2 under these conditions does not imply higher compound concentrations or extraction yields.
The article examines the species diversity and taxonomic position of known Adoxaceae (Viburnaceae) species. Currently, the genus Adoxa comprises 4 accepted species; the taxonomic status of 3 other species remains disputed. Based on comparative morphological analysis, a new species from Trans-Baikal Territory, Adoxa itegriloba sp. nov., has been identified, described, and illustrated. It is characterized by an entire or entire-lobed blade of stem and rosette leaves, with lobes remaining entire even when the rosette leaf blade is dissected or divided. The upper flower is tetramerous, with the formula Ca(2)Co(4)A4G(4); the lateral flower is pentamerous, with Ca(3)Co(5)A5G(5), similarly to A. moschatellina, but the stamens have entire (unsplit) filaments. The new species possibly originated through hybridization between the Holarctic A. moschatellina and the disjunctly distributed South Siberian–Far Eastern relict A. orientalis. The occurrence in Trans-Baikal Territory of A. itegriloba with its original leaf blade structure, along with the relict A. orientalis and the widely distributed A. moschatellina, allows the mountainous regions of the upper reaches of the Amur basin to be regarded as a secondary center of species diversity of the genus Adoxa.
The stem structure of the perennial herb Corbichonia decumbens was examined, providing the first comprehensive account of stem anatomy in Lophiocarpaceae. Our observations extend the known occurrence of successive cambia to Lophiocarpaceae and indicate that their absence cannot be regarded as an ancestral condition for the Lophiocarpaceae–Nyctaginaceae clade (Caryophyllales). The presence of central cylinder of secondary xylem and phloem produced by regular vascular cambium may have been an ancestral feature of the clade. Successive cambia are initiated from procambial strands that produce vascular bundles arranged in arc-like series within the lateral meristematic zones. Interfascicular cambia do not develop, resulting in discontinuous successive cambia. Discontinuous secondary vascular system produced by then may contribute to hydraulic sectoriality in the Corbichonia stem potentially limiting the spread of embolism and allowing individual stem sectors to function or fail independently. Such sectoriality may represent an adaptation to seasonally dry environment.
Multi-proxy palaeoecological reconstruction is a powerful tool for tracing past vegetation and ecosystem dynamics, yet such studies remain rare in Western Kamchatka. We investigated two Holocene sites from the Icha River valley using pollen, diatom, palaeozoological and plant macrofossil analyses, together with loss-onignition data, radiocarbon dating, and tephrochronology. Birch forests dominated the regional vegetation during the Middle and Late Holocene and were already widespread by 7800 cal yr BP. Local vegetation shifted from alder-dominated floodplain forest at 6000–5000 cal yr BP to a shallow oxbow lake bordered by tallherb meadow at 5000–4000 cal yr BP, then to a treeless fen at 4000–500 cal yr BP, and finally to a floodplain forest after 500 cal yr BP. These changes were controlled mainly by the floodplain regime, whereas climate acted indirectly through catchment hydrology. Ashfall may also have caused short-lived mire drying, although such effects were not always preserved in the palaeoecological record.
Here we present data on 113 driftwood lichen species and two lichenicolous fungi species from the Commander Islands (Bering and Medny islands). Eighty‑seven of these species are reported for the Commander Islands for the first time. In addition, 29 species are new to Kamchatka Territory, 14 of them are new to the Russian Far East, and five of them – Hafellia fosteri, Lecania granulata, Lecanora aleutica, Lichenodiplis fallaciosa, and Puttea caesia – are new to Russia. For all species, we provide coordinates and descriptions of sample plots, as well as the genus to which the substrate wood belongs. A total of 604 lichen specimens were examined and deposited in the LE and LECB herbaria. For four species (Bacidina indigens, B. mendax, Lecanora aleutica, and Myriolecis aff. flowersiana), ITS sequences were obtained and uploaded to GenBank. We also analysed the distribution of driftwood lichens in relation to influencing factors (substrate species, ornithogenic influence, distance from the coast, altitude, and location of the sample plot on the western or eastern coast of Bering or Medny islands). According to our data, distance from the coast and altitude slightly influence the distribution of lichen species.
