This summary article reviews the complex relationship between hypertension and sports, addressing key aspects of prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies. Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality, and while regular exercise generally provides cardioprotective effects, certain sports disciplines and lifestyle choices may elevate blood pressure levels in athletes. The article highlights the role of isometric training, high body mass, and the use of performance-enhancing substances as contributors to increased risk. Additionally, it explores the implications of high blood pressure on both athletic performance and long-term cardiovascular health. Diagnostic challenges are discussed, emphasizing the limitations of routine measurements and the need for advanced tools such as ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Updated European guidelines are presented as a framework for accurate hypertension diagnosis and risk assessment among athletes. Management approaches prioritize lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes, stress reduction, and tailored exercise programs. When necessary, pharmacological treatments are recommended with careful consideration of doping regulations and potential impacts on athletic performance. This article underscores the importance of individualized care in addressing hypertension in athletes, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates medical, nutritional, and training expertise. By consolidating current evidence, the article aims to provide practical guidance for clinicians, treating athletes and patients with regular physical activities, to better understand and manage hypertension in this population.
