ABSTRACT Reliable characterization is essential for risk assessment, treatment selection, and resource recovery of industrial waste salts. Their variable composition, high salinity, heterogeneous impurities, and matrix effects complicate sampling, pretreatment, measurement, calibration, and interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) can support reagent and sensing‐material optimization, instrumentation, signal interpretation, quantitative modeling, multimodal data fusion, validation, and deployment. This review evaluates AI‐assisted waste salt analysis across these workflow stages. Current studies show potential in condition optimization, signal recognition, drift compensation, calibration management, uncertainty evaluation, and result routing. However, direct evidence from representative industrial waste salts remains limited, and validation across independent batches, instruments, and long‐term operation is insufficient. Future work should prioritize matrix‐relevant datasets, metrological traceability, quality assurance, transferability, and workflow‐level evaluation of time, resource use, and reliability.
ABSTRACT Rice bran is a nutrient‐dense by‐product of rice milling, rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, and bioactive compounds including tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ‐oryzanol. However, lipase rapidly hydrolyzes rice bran lipids, resulting in rapid free fatty acid accumulation, leading to deterioration of quality during storage. Hence, immediate enzyme inactivation after milling is crucial to suppress lipid hydrolysis, preserve quality, and extend shelf life. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of conventional thermal, novel thermal and athermal methods for rice bran stabilization, focusing on their mechanisms, enzyme inactivation efficiency, processing requirements, scalability, and effects on rice bran oil and protein. Emerging methods including cold plasma, pulsed electric field and enzyme inhibitors show potential for reducing thermal damage and maintain the nutritional quality, however, their application to rice bran remains limited compared to the conventional methods. A comparasion between thermal and athermal methods and SWOT analysis is provided, emphasizing stabilization efficiency, nutritional quality, and scalable methods for balanced stabilization and maximal nutrient retention.
ABSTRACT An increasing demand for biopharmaceuticals, the growing pressure from the market, and the necessity to compress process development times represent current challenges in biopharma manufacturing. Traditional discontinuous bioreactors start to appear as obsolescent and unsuitable to address these challenges. On the other hand, perfusion cultures have been reported as promising alternatives, allowing to alleviate the batch‐to‐batch variability and to improve the volumetric yield. However, industrial inertia, requirement of higher investment costs, and increased complexity represent challenges limiting the scale up of the operation to manufacturing platforms. The aim of this review is to deconstruct the intricate perfusion problem and examine the potential advantages this technology could bring. Starting from basic operational fundamentals and an overview of the most recent applications, this review will span from an economic assessment of perfusion cultures to the analysis of their environmental sustainability and integration with advanced monitoring techniques. Finally, a discussion of existing hurdles and of the way to tackle the current inertia in industrial adoption is proposed.
ABSTRACT Fruit and vegetable processing generates large streams of seed‐containing material during the manufacture of value‐added products. Effective seed separation is essential to preserve product quality, prevent undesirable seed disruption, and enable recovery of seed‐derived oils, proteins, and other valuable compounds. This review critically examines mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, fermentation‐based, and emerging seed‐separation technologies for horticultural crops. Technologies are assessed according to separation efficiency, seed recovery and purity, seed integrity, throughput, operational requirements, environmental implications, and industrial applicability. Mechanical methods currently provide the strongest basis for continuous, high‐throughput processing, although their performance depends on crop properties and seed‐pulp adhesion. Chemical treatments can rapidly remove pulp and mucilage but are constrained by chemical usage and safety concerns. Enzymatic methods offer selective, mild separation, but cost and scale‐up remain limitations. Fermentation is simple but slow. Emerging mechanical–aerodynamic, thermal, ultrasound‐assisted, and discrete‐element‐method‐guided approaches require industrial validation. Future work should develop standardized metrics, crop‐specific hybrid processes, automated control, and integrated techno‐economic and environmental assessments to enable circular seed valorization.
ABSTRACT Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are pervasive industrial contaminants with high persistence, volatility, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential, resulting in long‐term risks to ecosystems and human health. Biodegradation offers a low‐pollution alternative to physicochemical treatments by harnessing functional microorganisms to transform CHCs into less toxic products through aerobic oxidation, aerobic co‐metabolism, and anaerobic reductive dechlorination. A diverse array of CHC‐degrading bacteria has been identified, including Dehalococcoides , Dehalobacter , Pseudomonas , Methylosinus , and Rhodococcus . However, single‐step biodegradation approaches remain constrained by slow reaction rates, accumulation of toxic intermediates, and limited microbial community stability. Various strategies for enhancing biodegradation, such as electrochemical–microbial coupling, material–microbial coupling, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation, have been developed and refined. This review systematically summarizes the degradation mechanisms and enhancement technologies for CHCs and discusses their laboratory research works and field applications.
