The rapid urbanization of the Jos Metropolis is giving rise to an increase in housing development and other infrastructures resulting in the reduction of the most favourable ground available for urban expansion. In view of this fast expansion, the Government of Plateau State through the Ministry for Urban Development created ‘the Greater-Jos Master Plan’ currently domiciled at the outskirt of the Jos city where negligible lands are being developed. However, these negligible areas are largely covered with soils which could be problematic in addition to being located adjacent to unstable slopes or even abandoned mine workings with high capacity for subsidence. The Greater-Jos Master Plan is aimed at facilitating adequate planning and control of the metropolis to accommodate the increasing population and reduce proliferation of slums in future. For safe and efficient development of this plan, it is important that subsoil conditions be properly investigated prior to commencement of the final design and construction activities. The present study seeks to compliment this laudable objective by emphasizing the need for an engineering site investigation for acquiring information on which the foundation of such structures and ancillary objects can stand and hence facilitating the proper take-off of the Greater-Jos Master Plan. Keywords: Baseline Data, Geotechnical, Infrastructural development, Jos, Master Plan, Significance, Site Investigation. DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-6-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2021
The effect of human intervention on the agricultural system has shown food insecurity with an increase in the cost of crop production in the local market due to the expansion of urbanization in the study area with 2.66% in 9 years for the demand of residential land. and also beyond this simulation result, the impact of deforestation on urban Agricultural and livelihoods was not scientifically studied in most of the southern Ethiopia high lands and their surrounding in particularly for Wolayta zone sodo zuria woreda has shown 0.295 % per year of forestland declined by 0.09 % for residential land and it has used for public service during the selected study period. This study has focused on the impact of urbanization rate and land use land cover change detection analysis using Primate and secondary data source with integration (GIS) Geographic Information System and Remote sensing Method for managing the negative impact on the geospatial environment in the context of Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation (ATP) goal of sustainable development. And evaluation of image classification accuracy can be defined as the process of comparing the classified image with geographic data considered to be accurate and referential typically, the data which is classified image is compared to are ground-truth based on supervised classification with (CR) Consistency Ratio 0.016 % of the pixel has resulted for accuracy assessment of 30m Land Sat 7 satellite image. In general, a set of reference shapefile has been overlaid as 7 major landuse class which are generated over the classified image by the AHP method of Computing Eigenvector Matrixes, which is an output of the pairwise comparison matrix to produce the best fit set based on the pixel value landuse area listed Keywords: Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS), Land sat 7 (ETM+) and Eigenvector Matrixes DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-3-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
There appears to be lack of knowledge about the cause and effect of climate change amongst the secondary school students. This asks for evaluation of their source of knowledge in schools through the assessment of their teachers’ knowledge and/or perception about climatic change. The survey research design was adopted and the perception of the secondary school science teachers’ (SSSTs) evaluated using questionnaire. The results showed that SSSTs perception of human activities associated with climate change and the effects of human activities associated with climate is moderate. This was very clear when the grand mean responses of the teachers were found to be 2.81 and 2.61 respectively. The student t-test statistics used at P>0.05 confirmed that there is no significant difference between the perception of urban and rural SSSTs on their perception of climate change. At P>0.05, there is significant difference between experienced and less experienced SSSTs on their perception of climate change. The research concludes that there is knowledge gap in our secondary school educational system concerning climate change. Therefore, it recommends capacity building in science-teaching education curriculum for knowledge-based sustainable development. Keywords: Curriculum, Global warming, Environmental Education, Greenhouse gases, Deforestation DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-5-03 Publication date: August 31 st 2021
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars have been widely used to solve the corrosion problem of steel bars in concrete structures. It has been produced as a lightweight and corrosion-resistant than steel reinforcement in many structural applications. They are regarded as a promising substitute for steel bars in concrete infrastructures. It is necessary to test GFRP bars to fully understand their material properties to ensure the safe and efficient use of the material. In this study, five specimens of each type of GFRP bars with a diameter of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mm were tested under tension. Therefore, a total of 25 samples were examined from the same manufacturer. According to ASTM’s recommendations (D7205/D7205M-06) for tensile tests of GFRP bars, the diameter and thickness of the steel pipes for both ends were considered in the preparation of the test specimens to keep the GFRP bars consistent and aligned throughout the experiment. The experimental test results included the stress-strain curves, tensile strength, ultimate strain, and modulus of elasticity. The study showed an accurate result that indicated the tensile strength of the GFRP bars can be expressed by a linear distribution. For a bar diameter of 10mm, the length to diameter ratio L e /d b =8 showed a maximum tensile to compressive strength ratio. In the failure results of the test, there were two-mode failures of GFRP bars: fracture failure and pull-out failure of GFRP bars. Most of the specimens had GFRP bar fracture failures, only two specimens (GBT1-10-2 and GBT1-10-3) were damaged due to the pull-off of the GFRP bars which was not a typical failure mode. Keywords: GFRP Bars, Tensile Test, Stress-Strain Curve, Fracture Failure DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-5-05 Publication date: August 31 st 2021
The laws of Stratum displacement and optimal control are critical for shield operation. This article’s focus is made on the intelligent fuzzy control theory concentrating on earth pressure, total thrust, driving speed, cutter torque, grouting pressure and grouting volume as the main elements of the study. A model of intelligent fuzzy control theory based on the model of No. 9 Line of Guangzhu Rail transit, on the Tianma river shield section. The paper also analyzes stratum displacement law due to shield tunnelling, executes & analyses intelligent controls for optimization of parameters, combining the five two-dimensional structures of the double structure of fuzzy control system. According to the observations made on the model. The model is upto date and the control of all parameters develops stably. The parameter ranges should be controlled as follows: earth pressure, 0.19 ~ 0.22Mpa; total thrust, 1100 ~ 1350T; driving speed, 38 ~ 50mm / min; cutter torque, 1600 ~ 2300 KN • m; grouting pressure, 0.19 ~ 0.25Mpa and grouting volume, 30 ~ 50L/min. Keywords: Shield tunnel, intelligent fuzzy control, Stratum displacement, optimal control DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-6-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
