Climate disasters increasingly reach beyond damaged infrastructure and lost income, altering the conditions under which household relationships unfold. Emotional intimate partner violence (E-IPV) is a less visible form of household risk because it operates through threats, humiliation, psychological abuse, and coercive pressure inside the household. Here, we combine DHS domestic-violence records from 15 low- and lower-middle-income countries during 2003–2010 with country-year disaster measures constructed from EM-DAT event records to estimate how four climate hazards, namely extreme temperature, drought, flood, and storm, are associated with women's reported histories of E-IPV by the time of interview. We find that all four hazards are positively associated with reporting such a history, with the flood measure showing the largest estimate. The associations for extreme temperature, drought, and flood extend to physical and sexual IPV, while the storm estimates differ across IPV types. The flood association remains visible in a local-flood specification using past-12-month E-IPV. We further show that climate risk operates through household conditions: polygyny, marital status, and child presence shape vulnerability, while household wealth, partner drinking, and women's work location point to plausible household mechanisms. These findings identify climate disasters as risks to household safety and suggest that IPV prevention should be integrated into climate adaptation and disaster-response systems.
Indigenous peoples in climate-exposed regions often rely directly on local ecosystems for their livelihoods, yet their climate perceptions remain under-represented in quantitative climate-development research. This article examines climate-risk perception among Indigenous Maya households in four rural communities of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. Household survey responses are analysed alongside ERA5-Land temperature data, CHIRPS precipitation data, and Mexican drought-monitor records to assess whether perceptions of intense heat, extreme rainfall, and drought align with selected climate-data indicators, and whether perceived weather changes are associated with household assessments of risks from droughts, floods, hurricanes, and climate change. The findings show that climate perception is selective and heterogeneous. About half of respondents report an increase in intense heat, while perceptions of extreme rainfall are more heterogeneous. Drought is widely perceived as increasing, although the drought-monitor benchmark does not indicate an increase in drought frequency over the reference period. Environmental dependence is not consistently associated with trend-consistent perceptions of changes in weather. Perceived increases in intense heat are associated with higher perceived drought risks, while their associations with floods, hurricanes, and climate change risk are less consistent. Effective adaptation support should begin from locally salient weather experiences while strengthening communication around rainfall timing, dry spells, water stress, and drought dynamics.
Climate-related hazard events can disrupt tourism systems and influence visitors' evaluations and destination recovery, particularly in the heritage-tourism context. Drawing on heritage-tourism satisfaction research and a disaster-risk-reduction perspective, this study examines tourist satisfaction at three Sri Lankan heritage destinations under contrasting pre- and post-cyclone conditions. Two independent cross-sectional surveys were conducted among international tourists before and after cyclone Ditwah, producing 346 valid responses. Descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, Two-Way Analysis of Variance, multiple regression and thematic analysis were employed. Existential authenticity, destination image, situational involvement and objective authenticity were positively associated with tourist satisfaction, whereas constructive authenticity was not statistically significant. The pre-cyclone indicator was positive and significant only at the 10% level, providing marginal evidence that satisfaction was slightly higher in the pre-cyclone sample. Qualitative responses indicated a shift from routine concern regarding information facilities and cleanliness toward infrastructure recovery, accessibility, safety and preparedness following the cyclone. The findings highlight the importance of preserving authentic heritage experiences while integrating visitor communication, accessibility, safety and disaster risk reduction into heritage-destination management.
