Background and Purpose: Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that imposes a considerable socioeconomic burden. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a green tea seed and leaf extract complex (TSL) in alleviating functional dyspepsia. Materials and methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 100 adults with functional dyspepsia. Participants were assigned to receive either TSL (n = 50) or placebo (n = 50) at a dose of 500 mg/day for eight weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using validated instruments, including the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-Korean version and Gastrointestinal Symptom Score. Results At the 8-week follow-up, the TSL group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in the total Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale score than the placebo group (−5.73 ± 6.27 vs. −2.02 ± 7.09, P = 0.0148). Analysis of the subscores on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale revealed significant reductions in reflux (−1.02 ± 1.27 vs. −0.27 ± 1.36, P = 0.0107) and abdominal pain (−1.12 ± 2.14 vs. −0.20 ± 2.00, P = 0.0326) in the TSL group. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Score decreased in both groups, with a more pronounced reduction in the TSL group (−2.63 ± 3.85 vs. −1.09 ± 2.97, P = 0.0481). No significant differences were observed between the groups in the incidence of serious adverse events, and all adverse events were considered unrelated to the study medication. Conclusion TSL supplementation may be an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for the management of functional dyspepsia.
Background and purpose Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur, yet evidence on how integrated 24-h movement behaviors relate to their comorbidity in young Chinese adults remains limited. This study examined associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 1826 young Chinese adults (mean age 22.14 ± 2.41 years). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and sleep duration with one Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index item. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Separate binary logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 20.4% of participants met all three operationalized recommendations. Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity were present in 34.3%, 23.2%, and 19.3% of participants, respectively. Compared with meeting no recommendations, meeting all three was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.52), anxiety symptoms (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.66), and comorbidity (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.18-0.48). Meeting the MVPA and sedentary recommendations without meeting the sleep recommendation was also associated with lower odds of comorbidity (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.90). Conclusion Meeting a greater number of 24-h movement recommendations was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity. The pattern supports an integrated approach that considers sleep duration, physical activity, and sedentary behavior together.
