BACKGROUND Lawsonia inermis (henna) is used for diverse clinical conditions, but its benefits and harms in humans remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of henna-containing interventions. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched on 1 October 2025 and updated on 19 September 2026, when CENTRAL was added. A targeted Google Scholar author search identified one additional eligible report. Randomized, nonrandomized comparative, and single-arm studies were synthesized narratively because interventions and outcomes were heterogeneous. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, ROBINS-I, or the NIH tool; certainty was assessed with GRADE. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251155578). RESULTS Twenty-five reports represented 24 unique studies. Thirteen studies evaluated henna as the sole stated active component, nine evaluated multicomponent formulations, and two evaluated henna under shared active treatment. Only 12 studies described ongoing adverse-event or complication surveillance, and safety denominators were often unclear. Reported events included an allergic reaction leading to exclusion, local pruritus, and withdrawals associated with skin reactions. One trial reported a death among noncompleters without stating its cause or relationship to treatment. Selected comparative outcomes favoured henna or a henna-containing regimen, but findings varied by condition and comparator; effects of multicomponent formulations cannot be attributed to henna alone. Certainty was low for seven outcome groups and very low for 12. CONCLUSION The evidence does not establish general safety or reliable efficacy across indications. Henna-containing interventions should not replace established care. Better-reported comparative trials with systematic safety monitoring are needed.
Aim To develop and evaluate the efficacy of a self-management intervention program based on Health Empowerment Theory for breast cancer patients with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAP). Design This study adopted a prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design. Breast cancer patients with TIVAP were recruited from tertiary hospitals and underwent longitudinal quantitative outcome assessments at four follow-up time points. Methods This randomized controlled trial was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on February 2, 2026 (registration number: ChiCTR2600118117). The intervention program was developed through literature review and expert consultation. A total of 54 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 27) and the control group (n = 27). Three patients were lost to follow-up during the 12-week study, and 51 patients (intervention group, n = 26; control group, n = 25) were included in the final complete-case analysis. The primary outcome was patients’ TIVAP self-management ability measured by the C-SUPPH. Secondary outcomes included health empowerment (CEQ), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-BR42), and TIVAP-related complications, which were assessed at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (T1), 8 weeks (T2), and 12 weeks (T3). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze longitudinal continuous outcomes, and the chi-square test was applied for categorical complication data. For key continuous outcomes, between-group mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were reported to quantify intervention effects and improve result interpretability, rather than relying solely on P-values. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0, with P＜0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results The dropout rate was 5.56%. No significant between-group differences were observed at baseline (P > 0.05). From T2 onward, CEQ and C-SUPPH scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Between-group differences in the QLQ-BR42 symptom domain emerged at T2, while differences in the functional domain emerged at T3. At T3, the complication rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (8%, 2/25) than in the control group (30.77%, 8/26; χ²=4.192, P < 0.05). Conclusion The intervention effectively reduced TIVAP-related complications and improved health empowerment, self-management efficacy, and quality of life among breast cancer patients, providing a targeted clinical nursing strategy.
Background Neuromuscular-control and biomechanical deficits may persist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Comparative motor-control effects remain uncertain. Objectives To compare motor-control interventions after ACLR. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Method Seven databases were searched to 12 May 2026. Usual rehabilitation comprised conventional symptom control, motion, strengthening, gait, or functional training. Three neuromuscular-control outcomes underwent network meta-analysis; k ≥ 2 biomechanical comparisons were pooled and k = 1 estimates unpooled. RoB 2 assessed bias; CINeMA and GRADE assessed confidence. Results Thirty-two trials enrolled 1437 participants. Proprioceptive training improved joint position sense versus usual rehabilitation (SMD 1.02, 95% CI 0.54–1.50; moderate CINeMA confidence); jump-landing control training yielded a favorable dynamic-balance estimate versus usual rehabilitation (1.19, 0.59–1.80; low CINeMA confidence) and was sensitive to exclusion of a late-phase multi-arm athlete trial; feedback-enhanced (0.88, 0.43–1.32) and proprioceptive training (0.59, 0.21–0.97) favored postural control (both low CINeMA confidence). Pooled estimates suggested that neuromuscular training may improve knee valgus and knee flexion kinematics during single-leg landing (1.51, 0.51–2.51; 1.07, 0.49–1.65); pooled gait biomechanical symmetry was inconclusive (−0.41, −0.87–0.05). Across networks, τ² ranged from 0.0275 to 0.1698; global tests detected no statistically clear inconsistency (P = 0.087–0.229), although sparse loop structures limited inference. Conclusion Moderate-confidence evidence supported proprioceptive training for improving joint position sense after ACLR. Other interventions may help balance and landing control, but their benefits are less certain. The evidence does not establish a single best approach across outcomes.
Background Infertility can adversely affect psychological well-being and impose substantial emotional and existential challenges on women undergoing infertility-related care. Psychological interventions that address meaning, responsibility, choice, and adaptation to difficult life circumstances may provide an additional approach to supporting psychological well-being. This study evaluated the effectiveness of group logotherapy in improving psychological well-being among infertile women. Methods 68 infertile women were randomized to a group logotherapy intervention (n = 34) or a control group (n = 34). Eight participants discontinued participation after baseline and before attending any intervention session, including four participants from each group. Thus, 60 participants (30 per group) completed all three assessments and were included in the complete-case analysis. The intervention consisted of eight weekly group logotherapy sessions, including one face-to-face session followed by seven online sessions. Psychological well-being was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and two months later using the 18-item Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed, with Greenhouse–Geisser correction when required. The group-by-time interaction was considered the primary test of differential change between groups. Bonferroni adjustment was applied to the six subscale interaction tests. Results A significant group-by-time interaction was observed for overall psychological well-being, F(1.692,98.151) = 533.156, P < 0.001, partial η² = 0.902. Significant group-by-time interactions were also observed for self-acceptance, F(1.985,115.132) = 135.974, P < 0.001, partial η² = 0.701; environmental mastery, F(1.854,107.535) = 168.697, P < 0.001, partial η² = 0.744; personal growth, F(1.998,115.863) = 129.569, P < 0.001, partial η²= 0.691; and purpose in life, F(1.836,106.462) = 307.461, P < 0.001, partial η² = 0.841. No significant group-by-time interaction was observed for autonomy, F(1.894,109.881) = 2.490, P = 0.091, partial η² = 0.041, or positive relations, F(1.935,112.230) = 0.586, P = 0.553, partial η² = 0.010. Conclusions Group logotherapy was associated with significant improvements in overall psychological well-being and four of its six dimensions among infertile women. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting group logotherapy as a potentially useful psychological intervention in infertility care. However, the complete-case analysis, early attrition, inactive control condition, hybrid delivery format, and relatively short follow-up warrant cautious interpretation and confirmation in larger randomized trials. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under registration number IRCT20240514061791N1 on August 14, 2024, before participant recruitment and enrollment commenced.
