This article studies the institutional framework and the empirical evolution of Colombian public debt for the period 2001-2020 within a post-Keynesian approach. The objective is to render clear the potential that debt emission has as a macroeconomic policy instrument, and consequently to propose various policy routes for Colombian government. These policy routes suggest a different path than the one indicated by the orthodox economic tradition that has ruled the policy practiced in Colombia. In particular, taking into account the institutional and external limitations of fiscal policy, the revival of the ‘Development Bank’ inside the Central Bank of Colombia, and insist in and the need of cooperation and coordination of macroeconomic policies with the countries of the region are insisted.
Sustainable performance has become a crucial factor that can be attained through efficient technological connections and energy conservation. This factor requires the attention of new researchers and policymakers. In light of this, the current study investigates the effect of technical linkages, energy efficiency, and public-private investment on the sustainable performance of SMEs in the Southern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam. In addition, the role of organizational support as a moderator between technological linkages, energy efficiency, and sustainable performance of SMEs in the Southern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam is investigated. Using survey questionnaires, the research collects primary data from the employees of SMEs in the Southern Key Economic Zone of Vietnam. In addition, clever PLS was used to evaluate the dependability and associations of data variables. Results indicated that technological linkages, energy efficiency, and public-private investment have positive relationships with the sustainable performance of SMEs in Vietnam's Southern Key Economic Zone. The results also demonstrated that organizational support moderates' technological linkages, energy efficiency, and sustainable SME performance in Vietnam's Southern Key Economic Zone. The research assists policymakers in Vietnam and developing nations in formulating policies about sustainable performance through effective technological links, energy efficiency, and public-private investment.
This paper selects data from 122 listed financial companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2011 to 2022, analyzes the impact of corporate governance on internal control objectives, and provides recommendations for optimizing internal control and enhancing company management based on the research findings. The study demonstrates that the "lower proportion of state-owned shares," the "lower degree of Check -and -balance of stock ownership," and the presence of "two-way entry" of party organizations all contribute to the achievement of operational objectives of internal control. Second, the greater the number of professional committees and executives' financial compensation that can aid in achieving the reporting objectives of internal control, the lower the degree of Check -and -balance of stock ownership and the share of executives' equity. Lastly, the higher equity concentration, number of professional committees, financial remuneration for executives, and the existence of "two-way entry" and "cross -appointment" of party organizations can aid in achieving the internal control compliance objective.
This study examines the complex interconnections among theocratic elements, inflation, economic development, cultural values, and political stability within the framework of fiscal policies and wealth distribution. The objective is to enhance our comprehension of the intricate dynamics through which these diverse factors interplay in influencing economic policies and the distribution of income. This study employs a Bayesian regression methodology to analyse a comprehensive dataset that covers a period of three decades. To ensure diversity and representativeness, a stratified sampling approach is utilised. The incorporation of interaction terms enables the investigation of moderation effects, enabling a comprehensive analysis of how theocratic influence interacts with other contextual factors in a nuanced manner. The empirical analysis provides valuable and noteworthy findings. Theocracy is commonly linked to conservative fiscal policies and has the potential to worsen income inequality. Research has indicated that inflation has adverse effects on fiscal policies, whereas economic development and cultural values are positively correlated with progressive fiscal measures. There exists a positive correlation between political stability and fiscal policies. The presence of moderation effects serves to emphasise the intricate nature of these relationships, thus emphasising the significance of contextual factors. The identified results possess implications that are both theoretical and practical in nature. Their contributions enhance our comprehension of the influence of theocratic governance on fiscal policies and the distribution of wealth. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers in formulating fiscally equitable policies and addressing the negative consequences of inflation and theocratic influences in governance.
While lots of empirical research studies have examined the relationship between energy, economic growth, and the environment, the existing literature has not explored the impact of financial development on the nexus between growth, energy, and the environment. Hence, the current study aims to assess the correlation between financial development, economic growth, and the energy-environment relationship in Iraq. The temporal scope of the study encompasses the period from 2000 to 2022.The study employs three distinct models to estimate the relationships between economic growth, environmental quality, and energy consumption. These models include Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS), and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR). Based on the findings, it can be observed that all three specifications demonstrate a noteworthy inverse relationship between financial development and both economic growth and energy consumption. There is a significant positive relationship between financial development and environmental degradation. The study concludes that the financial sector in Iraq exhibits insufficient development and efficiency, thereby hindering the promotion of economic growth and environmental quality. The study suggests implementing significant reforms within the financial sector in order to effectively harness its potential benefits in both economic and environmental domains.
