Wildlife-livestock interfaces may facilitate shared exposure to gastrointestinal parasites, but information on strongyle nematodes in Southeast Asian wild bovids remains limited. This study investigated gastrointestinal helminths in cattle, buffaloes, banteng, and gaur across Thailand and characterized strongyle taxonomic composition using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nemabiome metabarcoding. A total of 870 fecal samples were examined using flotation, sedimentation, and McMaster egg counting. For molecular analysis, 126 strongyle-positive fecal samples were selected by choosing up to four samples with the highest fecal egg counts from each host-associated sampling group and pooled into 36 DNA pools, of which 34 were successfully sequenced. Overall gastrointestinal helminth prevalence was 77.5%, with prevalence of 91.4% in gaur, 89.1% in banteng, 80.2% in cattle, and 47.7% in buffaloes. Strongyle-type nematodes were the most frequently detected helminths. Nemabiome sequencing identified 15 strongyle taxa belonging to seven genera. Within seven wildlife-livestock interface areas, Cooperia spatulata was detected in both domestic and wild host pools in all areas, while several other taxa showed more localized taxonomic overlap. No significant overall associations were identified between strongyle detection and herd size, livestock management system, or deworming practices in cattle or buffaloes. The detection of the same strongyle taxa in domestic and wild host pools within the same geographical areas provides baseline evidence of taxonomic overlap and identifies taxa and interface areas for further investigation of possible cross-host transmission. These findings provide baseline information for parasite surveillance and wildlife health monitoring at wildlife-livestock interfaces in Thailand.
Babesia canis (vector: Dermacentor reticulatus) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (vector: Ixodes ricinus) are tick-borne pathogens causing babesiosis and granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. The study aimed to demonstrate the rising significance of PCR positivity in dogs in Germany in the colder period (October-March) due to climate change. The database of the laboratory Laboklin was retrospectively screened for B. canis and A. phagocytophilum PCR results in dogs in Germany during 2008–2025. In cases of multiple testing in a dog, only the first or the first positive result was included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with calculation of odds ratios. A total of 2290 out of 33,542 dogs (6.8%) tested positive for B. canis and 2499 out of 50,210 (5.0%) tested positive for A. phagocytophilum. Comparing the cold to the warm half of the year, significant differences were demonstrated for B. canis (cold: 1282/14,955, 8.6%; warm: 1008/18,587, 5.4%; P < 0.001) and A. phagocytophilum (cold: 377/20,967, 1.3%; warm: 2222/29,243, 7.6%; P < 0.001). Babesia canis PCR positivity increased in colder periods (OR = 1.121, P = 0.042), including a year-round trend, but decreased for A. phagocytophilum (OR = 0.328, P < 0.001). This is explainable by vector ecology, with D. reticulatus being more cold-tolerant compared to I. ricinus. Nevertheless, both pathogens were detected in the cold season, including the classical winter months, highlighting the importance of year-round tick control.
