In this Study, a total of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were usec for comparative evaluation of therapeutic effects of different probiotics, VSL#3 (a combination of different probiotic bacteria), Lactobacillus acidophilus, and kefir in enterocolitis induced by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg) twice at 24-hour interval as the experimental Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 1-model. Probiotics were orally administered by orogastric gavage on a daily basis for 7 days after induction of IBD, and then rats were euthanased and tissue samples were obtained for macroscopical and histopathological investigations. At the end of the study, it was concluded that therapeutic efficiency of nix probiotic product, which contained different commercial probiotic bacterial strains, was determined in IBD, and therapeutic efficiency of I was also found to be notable in IBD. However, therapeutic activity of Lactobacillus ocidophilus alone was not satisfactory for BD therapy.
Two commercially available preparations from the disinfectants list of the German Veterinary Association (Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft e. V. (DVG)) were tested against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) field isolate in a concentration as recommended in the list for disinfection of bacteria. The "Guidelines of DVG for testing of disinfection methods and chemical disinfectants" were used as methodical base. Initially, the examinations for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and suitable inactivation substances were carried out. The bactericidal effect of both commercial preparations--a formic acid preparation (55 g per 100 g) and a preparation containing 21 g glutaraldhyde plus 17 g per 100 g formaldehyde--as well as reference disinfectants (37% formaldehyde and 99.5% phenol) were examined in suspension and carrier tests. The suspension tests were performed without and with protein load (20% FBS). Pieces of linden wood were used as carriers. The recommendation of DVG for both Venno Vet 1 super and M&enno Veterinär B neu as bactericide (except of bacterial spores) is 30 min (for preventive disinfections) as well as 120 min contact (for specific disinfections) of 1% concentration. The results show that the disinfection of MRSA do not require higher concentrations and longer contact times as recommended in the disinfectant list of DVG for both commercial disinfectants. Both products were effective in suspension tests in a 1% concentration and within five minutes independent of protein load. In contrast, 1% phenol (reference disinfectant for suspension tests) needed 30 min reaction time without protein load as well as 60 min with protein load for complete inactivation of the MRSA field strain. In carrier tests, a 30 min contact of 1% concentration of both commercial disinfectants and 3% concentration of formalin (reference disinfectant for carrier tests) was sufficient for complete disinfection.
This case report describes a Histomonas meleagridis infection in a German meat turkey flock. The flock consisted of 3090 turkey toms which were held in two separated compartments within one house. At 35 days of age, a necrotizing typhlitis was detected in the pathological examination of birds out of one compartment. Liver lesions could not be shown until further progression of the disease. Diagnosis of histomoniasis was confirmed by PCR from livers of infected animals. Duration of the disease was 40 days. The overall mortality in the affected compartment was 56.7%, whereas the animals of the other compartment did not show any signs of disease. Surviving turkeys demonstrated a body weight development similar to the unaffected compartment and only 0.34% of the animals were rejected at the slaughterhouse. These findings indicate that division of a turkey flock into several subgroups can prevent transmission of Histomonas meleagridis between those groups. Furthermore, a certain minimum stocking rate seems to be necessary for the spread of blackhead disease within one flock through cloacal transmission of the pathogen. Lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) which were found in the litter in higher numbers were tested negative for Histomonas meleagridis by PCR. Because of these results, transmission of Histomonas meleogridis into the flock via lesser mealworms seemed not to be very likely.
The present study rates the value of different investigative procedures used to diagnose a congenital hydrocephalus internus of the dog. Six dogs, aged between two and ten months, were presented in our clinic with neurologic signs because of a congenital hydrocephalus internus. After taking a neurologic examination and further diagnostic studies they were euthanized and dissected. The neurologic examination did not help to predict the exact location of the lesion in the brain. Very high amplitudes and low frequencies are the characteristic electroencephalographic pattern of congenital hydrocephalus internus; they occurred in all electroencephalograms (EEGs). Radiologic changes like calvarial enlargement or thinning of the bony walls could be seen only in patients whose brain volumes had increased before the closure of the cranial sutures. The CT images of all dogs showed the dilatations of the cerebral ventricles in their entire size. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid did not yield uniform findings. Consequently, EEG, conventional diagnostic radiography and computed tomography of the skull are the most important studies for diagnosing a primary hydrocephalus internus. However, the total extent of the lesion can be confirmed only by computed tomography. This is of special interest in case of planning and controlling therapies.
Methicillin resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sind bei landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren weit verbreitet. Personengruppen, die direkten Kontakt zu mit MRSA besiedelten landwirtschaftlichen Nutztieren haben, sind einem im Vergleich zur Normalbevolkerung erhohten Risiko einer Kolonisation und nachfolgenden Infektion ausgesetzt. Das von livestock associated (la-)MRSA in der Lebensmittelkette ausgehende Risiko einer Gesundheitsgefahrdung fur den Menschen wird insgesamt als gering eingeschatzt, ist momentan aber noch nicht exakt quantifizierbar. Uber Lebensmittel konnen breite Bevolkerungsschichten exponiert sein, nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand ist die Konzentration der Erreger im Lebensmittel jedoch gering. Hinweise auf lebensmittelassoziierte menschliche Infektionen (z. B. durch kontaminiertes Rohfleisch) mit laMRSA liegen bisher nicht vor. Weitere Forschungs- und Untersuchungstatigkeiten sind notig, um die nach wie vor vorhandenen Wissenslucken, insbesondere zu den Ubertragungswegen und der Epidemiologie des Erregers, zu schliesen. Die molekulare Typisierung der laMRSA Isolate leistet hierbei einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag.
