International forensic science organizations(associations)include the International Forensic Strategic Alliance(IFSA),the International Association of Forensic Science(IAFS),and others.Since its establishment in 2004,the International Forensic Strategic Alliance has expanded into a multilateral partnership alliance of six operating regional forensic science networks and three strategic partners,as its collaborative capabilities and international influence growing.This paper introduces the basic information of the International Forensic Strategic Alliance and its members.Using the Asian Forensic Sciences Network(AFSN)and the Senior Managers Australian and New Zealand Forensic Laboratories(SMANZFL)as examples,it analyzes the connections and distinctions between alliance members,including the topics of interest at the past five annual conferences,as well as similarities and differences in the focus areas of forensic science networks in different regions.This paper also reviews China's relationship with the International Forensic Strategic Alliance,focusing on the development trends of forensic science domestically and internationally,and looks ahead to the prospect of China's participation in international forensic science organizations(associations),with the aim of providing insights for promoting the internationalization of forensic science in China.
Exosomes,which are extracellular vesicles with a double-layer membrane,play significant roles in biological processes.They act as tiny carriers,capable of transporting a wide range of genetic materials and metabolites,including DNA,RNA,proteins,lipids,etc.Hypoxia,a state of low oxygen availability,is a powerful environmental factor that triggers significant changes in exosomes.Their composition,secretion process and overall functionality will all be drastically affected under hypoxic conditions.In the realm of forensic pathology,the precise identification of death from mechanical asphyxia(DMA)has always been a major challenge.The corpses of individuals who have died from mechanical asphyxia often lack distinct and characteristic signs that can directly point to this particular cause of death.This absence of specific indicators makes it extremely difficult for forensic pathologists to achieve precise diagnosis,which brings trouble to the criminal investigation and court trial of DMA cases.In this paper,we conducted a comprehensive review of the hypoxia-induced changes of exosomes and discussed the benefits,limitations,and feasibility of application of these changes to precise identification of DMA.Through this in-depth discussion,we hope to offer new perspectives and directions for relevant studies,thereby contributing to the advance of forensic pathology.
Indirect fingerprint forgery refers to the creation of fake fingerprints using pre-existing finger marks as the template,which poses a great risk in reality due to the lack of need for the subject's cooperation and its strong concealment.However,applying indirect forgery techniques to electronic evidence collection for the purpose of unlock electronic devices can significantly facilitate the forensic process.This paper investigates the effectiveness of bionic fingerprint films made by indirect forgery methods in bypassing security on various electronic devices equipped with fingerprint recognition systems.In the experiment,visible and latent fingerprints already formed were collected as samples to create ordinary silicone and capacitive silicone fingerprint films,and these were used to crack smartphones,tablet computers,fingerprint attendance machines,and smart door locks.The study also examined the impact of fingerprint sample quality,conditions for making photo-sensitive stamps,and the production conditions of fingerprint films on the effectiveness of cracking.The results show that the fingerprint film,produced by scanning,printing,and engraving photo-sensitive stamps from pre-existing real fingerprint samples,can successfully unlock a series of electronic devices equipped with fingerprint recognition systems with a high success rate.The production process of indirect forgery silicone fingerprint films is convenient and quick,providing a method to crack related electronic devices without disassembly or intrusion into the system,thus better protecting the originality and integrity of evidence.However,it is also necessary to recognize the hazard of this method and urge the public to prioritize the security of their fingerprint information in their daily lives.
Fingerprints are a crucial form of forensic evidence at crime scenes.Blood fingerprints,as a type of fingerprint trace,possess significant forensic value for identification via DNA analysis and fingerprint pattern matching.This study discussed the enhancement effects of lac dye on bloody fingerprints.In the experiments,a solution with 0.25％ lac dye and a 5％acetic acid(pH2.55)was applied to enhance the bloody fingerprints on 12 common substrates,as well as aged bloody fingerprints with different drying time and bloodstain concentrations.The enhancement effects were compared.The results demonstrate that lac dye has practical value in enhancing blood fingerprint,with good enhancement effects and high sensitivity on most non-porous substrates,and it is also suitable for enhancing old and low-concentration bloody fingerprints.However,its performance on porous substrates is relatively moderate.This dye solution is simple to prepare,easy to operate,and convenient to store,making it suitable for the visualization and extraction of bloody fingerprints during criminal scene examinations.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate(GHB)is a psychotropic drug listed in the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and China's Regulations on the Administration of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.GHB has a strong inhibitory effect on the central nervous system,which can cause temporary memory loss,nausea,vomiting,hypersexuality,hallucination and even death.It is a more common chemical synthetic drug in entertainment venues.In recent years,GHB and its precursor γ-butyrolactone(GBL)are often used by criminals,leading to intentional injury,traffic accidents,rape and other malignant cases,causing a series of serious public health problems and social security problems.GHB is a normal endogenous substance in human body,which can be increased by exogenous intake.This means that timely sampling is needed to ensure the accuracy of the test results.If the concentration of the biological material cannot be detected in time,it cannot be proved that the victim or suspect had exogenous GHB ingestion.At the same time,the metabolism of GHB in human body is fast,the metabolites are complex,and the test window is short,which brings challenges to the police inspection and identification.In the face of the social reality that the cases of"anesthesia rape"and"anesthesia robbery"involving GHB continue to occur frequently,it is particularly important to study the testing and identification technology of GHB.This paper introduces the abuse and control of GHB at home and abroad,points out the difficulties in the detection and identification of GHB,and then summarizes the research progress in the detection and identification technology of GHB in blood,saliva,hair and urine.The endogenous levels of GHB in the biological specimens above and the critical concentrations of GHB after exogenous intake are enumberated,which can help forensic experts to exclude false positive results and assist in determining GHB abuse,in order to provide reference for the anti-drug work of public security in China.
