Carbon Dots have proven to be a highly important class of material thanks to their minute sizes, which fall in the range of 1-10 nm. The ability of such materials to bind onto various substrates can be significantly improved with the use of oxygen-, nitrogen-, and carbon-containing functional groups. The term corrosion refers to a natural, spontaneous process that leads to the degradation of a particular substance. Although there exist several chemical agents, both organic and inorganic, that can act as efficient inhibitors, most of these are quite costly and pose serious safety issues. Some of the viable replacements to address corrosion concerns in metals are carbon dots and their variants. SEM, TEM, XRD, and others will mainly be relied upon to determine the properties of the formed carbon dots. There exists high correlation between the adsorption process by which carbon dots inhibit metal corrosion and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. This research will seek to cover the concept of corrosion, categorization of carbon dot-based corrosion inhibitors, and efficiency of their use on various metals, inhibition mechanisms, and metal surface analysis after protection using these carbon dots, among other aspects.
Properly storing data is crucial in this big data era. The inflexible and strict structure of relational database management systems (RDBMS) paved the way for the emergence of NoSQL storage systems. Converting from the rigid schema structure of RDBMS to NoSQL systems is a complex process that requires careful consideration to ensure data integrity and consistency, carefully selecting an appropriate NoSQL system, and proper execution of the migration process. This study introduces the RL2NoSQL method to facilitate the migration process from RDBMS to NoSQL systems, including key-value, document, wide-column, and graph. The RL2NoSQL method intelligently handles the structural differences between data models in great detail and offers automatic conversion and transferring data tools that keep data integrity and consistency. Moreover, the RL2NoSQL provides significant advantages in managing complexity and increasing data storage flexibility so that database conversion can be performed without data loss or corruption. The RL2NOSQL approach is evaluated by employing the DVD rental database. The converted schema and transferred data are evaluated by using carefully prepared queries to show the effectiveness of our approach. The RL2NoSQL offers a significant contribution to organizations of different sectors seeking to transition to NoSQL for applications by enabling migration to the presented NoSQL categories.
Mitragyna speciosa, a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, has long been used in traditional medicine and is ethnopharmacologically associated with maintaining physical stamina. This study evaluated the in vitro and in silico biological activities of M. speciosa leaves, focusing on antioxidant potential, α-glucosidase inhibition, and anticancer potential. Phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacities (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assessed. The methanol extract (ME) and methanol fraction (MF) showed comparable total phenolic contents (18.20 ± 1.02 and 18.60 ± 2.31 mg GAE/g, respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction (EF) had the highest flavonoid content (146.16 ± 6.82 mg QE/g), followed by ME (129.90 ± 4.96 mg QE/g) and MF (102.56 ± 5.85 mg QE/g). Strong radical-scavenging activity was observed in ME, MF, and EF, with DPPH IC₅₀ values of 10.62 ± 0.38, 11.06 ± 0.37, and 14.04 ± 1.30 µg/mL, respectively, and ABTS IC₅₀ values of 1.23 ± 0.04, 3.91 ± 0.04, and 5.19 ± 1.92 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate substantial antioxidant activity associated with phenolic and flavonoid content. The hexane fraction exhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 55.64 ± 1.14 µg/mL), although it was less potent than quercetin (IC₅₀ = 1.25 ± 0.17 µg/mL). LC-HRMS profiling identified 12 metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Molecular docking suggested moderate binding affinity of yohimbine to the estrogen receptor (3ERT), warranting further mechanistic investigation in cancer cell models.
The efficiency of industrial automation depends heavily on the precision and reliability of robotic pick-and-place applications. This paper presents a complete simulation framework designed to develop and validate such applications in the ROS (Robot Operating System) environment. We perform a closed-form inverse kinematics analysis for the 3-degree-of-freedom OpenManipulator-X, providing the critical transformation from task-oriented Cartesian space to the manipulator's joint space. We apply this kinematic solution to the robot using an OpenCV-based image processing algorithm, enabling the robot to dynamically target a planar object position estimation. Within the ROS architecture, pose data is broadcast from our vision node and subscribed to by the inverse kinematics node, which calculates the required joint configurations. To achieve the smooth and precise motion required in industrial environments, a cubic trajectory is generated for joint space, and a PID controller is implemented to ensure the end-effector accurately grasps the target object. All simulation studies are conducted in the Gazebo environment, demonstrating a robust and integrated process from visual detection to successful manipulation.
This paper aims to investigate not only combinatorial Simsek numbers of the sixth kind together with their generating functions, but also solutions of the open problems, given in [1] associated with ordinary generating functions for these numbers. Using Euler operator, a partial solution for one of the open problems, posed by Simsek [1], are obtained. Many relations among these numbers, Legendre polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials and Stirling numbers are given. Moreover, using these functions, special values and formulas are derived. Some special cases with their numerical values of the results of this paper are given.
