提要 优选论作为生成音系学理论已经经历了三十年的发展。本文先对优选论的起源、基本原理及其延伸与进展作一个简单的回顾, 再对优选论在汉语音系学研究中的应用进行总结。对汉语的讨论集中于音节结构与配列规则、音段变体、连读变调及借词的研究。我们可以看到优选论对促进汉语音系的理论与实践研究起到了积极的作用; 汉语音系也对优选论的发展作出了重要的贡献。
Abstract Literacy education and policy have long been central to China’s national development agenda, particularly within rural areas where disparities in access and outcomes remain acute. This scoping review maps the existing literature on literacy policy and implementations in China with a specific focus on how literacy challenges manifest across urban-rural divides. This review identifies and analyses eight eligible studies published between 2003 and 2025 in English and Chinese. Our findings indicate a persistent gap in literacy outcomes between rural and urban populations, shaped by factors such as limited educational infrastructure, weak policy enforcement, economic pressures, and health-related challenges. Moreover, we highlight the under-representation of rural and adult literacy in international academic literature, and argue that current research remains insufficient to fully capture the lived realities of literacy within China’s rural communities. This review contributes to raising awareness of the multifaceted challenges of literacy education across urban and rural areas in China, and points to the need for a dedicated and multi-perspectival research agenda for literacy that prioritises contextually-grounded and ethnographically informed approaches which illuminate how literacy is lived and experienced in China’s rural communities. In doing so, it can provide a valuable basis for comparative studies in regions facing similar literacy challenges.
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the translation of museum texts, specifically “texts in museums”, as a key means of intercultural communication. The research methodology was based on the use of eco-translatology, as well as the principles of adaptation and translation selection proposed by Chinese scholar Hu, as the theoretical foundation. The study examines the translation of museum texts from the Luoyang Museum, focusing on the adaptation and selection processes involved in translating cultural artifacts. Key findings highlight the challenges of maintaining linguistic, cultural, and communicative accuracy when translating terms related to Chinese cultural heritage. The study emphasizes the importance of using appropriate translation strategies, such as literal translation, transliteration, and annotation, to preserve cultural nuances and facilitate understanding. Additionally, the research underscores the significance of adapting translations to meet the needs of diverse audiences, ensuring accessibility and promoting intercultural dialogue. The application of Hu’s “Translation as Adaptation and Selection” theory was instrumental in guiding the translation process and improving the cultural relevance of the translations. The practical significance of the article lies in developing effective approaches to translating museum texts that preserve cultural accuracy and adapt the information for international audiences, promoting a better understanding of cultural heritage.
摘要 近年来，关于汉语变体的研究已取得丰富成果，涵盖语音、词汇、语法与语用等多个层面。然而，目前尚缺乏对大语言模型在多变体语境下处理能力的系统实证评估。本文作为初步探索，以词汇差异为切入点，选取中国大陆普通话、港式中文、台湾华语与新加坡华语四种主要变体，系统评估五款代表性大语言模型 (GPT-4o、Gemini 1.5 Pro、Claude 3 Opus、Spark 4.0 Ultra 与 DeepSeek V3) 在变体识别、语义理解与本地化生成任务中的表现。研究结果显示，模型普遍存在 “单向误判” 倾向，尤其易将新加坡华语误判为普通话，显示出对地域词义、语境与用法差异的理解偏差。在生成任务中，模型对新加坡华语的表现尤为薄弱，不仅难以准确识别本地义项，还频繁生成无文献支持的 “创义”，反映出训练语料在区域覆盖上的不足。本文揭示了当前主流 模型 在处理汉语变体时的能力边界与偏误类型，指出其区域适应性与语义精度仍有待提升。研究亦为未来多变体语料建设、评估框架与模型优化策略提供实证基础，强调将语言变体系统性纳入 自然语言处理 发展的重要性。
