Abstract Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Verwendung von Personenbezeichnungen in der politischen Sprache im Kontext des russischen Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine. Dabei wird ein kontrastiver Vergleich ukrainischer und deutscher Pressetexte durchgeführt. In beiden Sprachräumen prägen diese Bezeichnungen das Kriegsnarrativ und spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Konstruktion von Identität, Feindbildern und Solidarität. Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Personenbezeichnungen zu untersuchen, beispielsweise ihre Semantik und Struktur sowie ihre Rolle bei der Schaffung von Partnern bzw. Feindbildern. Die Arbeit basiert auf einem integrierten methodischen Ansatz, der spezielle sprachwissenschaftliche Methoden wie die kritische Diskursanalyse, die kognitive Metapherntheorie und die kognitive Metonymietheorie verbindet, um Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den sprachlichen Strategien zur Personenbezeichnung in der Ukraine und in Deutschland zu identifizieren. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen werden die gesammelten Belege analysiert, klassifiziert und verglichen. Der eigens erstellte Korpus besteht aus 745 Pressetexten pro Sprache (vom Februar 2022 bis Februar 2026) mit einem Gesamtumfang von jeweils rund 800.000 Wörtern. Die Untersuchung zielt nun darauf ab, die 480 ukrainischen und 312 deutschen Personenbezeichnungen zu vergleichen, um Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten im Gebrauch dieser Begriffe in beiden Sprachen festzustellen.
Abstract This study examines why English encodes continuous temperature meaning through a small set of gradable adjectives and degree modifiers rather than a large enumerated vocabulary. Drawing on Kennedy’s (2007. Vagueness and grammar: The semantics of relative and absolute gradable adjectives. Linguistics and Philosophy 30(1). 1–45) scale-structure framework and a register-stratified corpus of 1,131 tokens, we show that two principles operate at different levels of explanation. Gradation is the primary structural mechanism: relative-standard adjectives (cold, cool, warm, hot) attract degree modifiers at rates of 38–49 %, while absolute-standard adjectives (freezing, scorching) remain below 5 %, an asymmetry confirmed by chi-square tests ( p < 0.001) and logistic regression. Lexical economy is a secondary optimisation pressure: the combinatorial system yields economy ratios of 9–13:1 across domains. These findings support a unified account in which scale structure determines the architecture and economy shapes its size.
The intersection of terminology and translation studies represents a crucial yet methodologically underexplored domain within contemporary linguistic research. Despite the growing practical importance of specialised translation across diverse professional fields, systematic approaches to investigating terminological phenomena within translation contexts remain fragmented and insufficiently theorised. This study identifies a significant methodological gap in which traditional terminology research, grounded in monolingual standardisation principles, fails to address the complex multilingual dimensions of translation-oriented terminology, while translation studies methodology has historically relegated terminological concerns to a secondary status. To bridge this gap, the investigation develops a comprehensive six-level hierarchical coordinate system designed explicitly for empirical translation-oriented terminology research. The proposed framework systematically organises research through clearly defined methodological characteristics: research orientation encompassing product, process, and participant dimensions; paradigmatic foundations; theoretical frameworks; design parameters including seven convergent variables; data collection methods and procedures; and data analysis methods and procedures. Unlike existing taxonomies that rely on distinctive differentiation principles, this coordinate system advocates convergent mixed-method approaches that acknowledge the inherent complexity of terminological phenomena requiring interdisciplinary integration. It aims to counter the systematic marginalisation of terminological investigation within translation studies methodology, providing essential theoretical foundations and practical guidance for advancing empirical research in this vital interdisciplinary field.
The study examines the adnominal system across six lyric collections by Boris Pasternak, covering the period from 1914 to 1957. Adnominals, being syntactically autonomous, function as crucial markers of an author’s unique stylistic fingerprint and its evolution. By examining the distribution, frequency and type of adnominals (adjectives, participles, determiners, etc.), the research aims to reveal the principles of Pasternak’s descriptive technique and to trace the dynamics of his creative manner over time. The analysis singled out a stable core of frequently used adnominal types that form the basis of Pasternak’s style, alongside features exhibiting significant variability that signal stylistic changes. The results demonstrate a consistently high descriptive intensity (approximately 50 % of nouns are modified), a high frequency of postnominal genitives and a moderate use of syntactic inversions (14.98 % of all adnominals) that deviates from canonical Russian poetic norms. Furthermore, the results outline a clear diachronic trajectory establishing three distinct creative phases: an early experimental period, a middle stage, and a mature late period. This evolution is marked by a significant shift in the adnominal system after the first collection, a gradual increase in adjectival inversions, and a systemic reduction of mid-valency nouns in later works. These results corroborate periodizations of Pasternak’s works based on a number of poetic features (metrical, strophic, rhyme-related, etc.) and on morphological data.
