In modern energy systems, policies are evolving the grid structures speedily to enhance the penetration of more distributed generation (DGs). Among DGs, renewable energy sources (RES) are a better choice to reduce the cost of main grid. This paper proposed a hybrid approach based on particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimization (PSO-GWO) to solve the optimal dispatch problem of distributed microgrids (MGs). Both dispatchable and non-dispatchable DGs were considered in the case study comprising three MGs. The proposed dispatch strategy to dispatchable DGs like microturbines, fuel cells, and energy storage systems along with non-dispatchable DGs such as solar photovoltaic and wind turbines reduced the energy cost of the MGs. The results of this study make MGs less dependable on the main grid and enhance their reliability. The proposed technique was implemented in MATLAB R2021a and the cost was improved by $217.55 for main grid.
The location of Indonesia, which is at the equator, theoretically has the advantage of having sizeable average solar and wind energy potential. This condition is feasible to be used as a source of solar and wind hybrid energy. The advantage of a hybrid system is that when solar and wind production are used together, the system's reliability increases. However, the solar-wind power plant has lacks, especially in output efficiency, which is relatively low because it depends on weather conditions. Weather station technology can be used to complete infographics about energy absorption for intermittent power generators such as solar and wind. The weather station will later become a parameter for the intermittent power generator activation to weather and climate conditions. In this research, it is proposed to design an weather monitoring station using ESP8266 as a microcontroller, DHT11 as a temperature and humidity sensor, BH1750 as a light intensity sensor, an anemometer as a wind speed sensor, liquid crystal display (LCD) and blynk as an interface for users. After testing, it was found that the average error of temperature reading by DHT11 is 1.52%, the average error of wind speed reading by the anemometer is 0.65%, and the average error of light intensity reading by BH1750 was 2.48%. Testing the monitoring results when compared between LCD and blynk is also appropriate. Based on the test results, the design of weather monitoring station is acceptable and feasible for monitoring weather for intermittent power generators.
The increase of sustainable energy sources and integration with the power distribution grid produced power quality (PQ) problems such as voltage sag and voltage swell. These problems are produced in the power distribution systems due to multiple reasons that affect sensitive loads. Voltage sag and voltage swell mostly occurring Power quality complications in the power system. These power quality issues in the power distribution system can be mitigated by using custom power devices, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is the newly introduced device. Different techniques and algorithms have been used to mitigate these problems. In this research work, an ultra-capacitor-based DVR and a super-twisting sliding mode controller are used for the said problem. The addition of energy storage, such as an ultra-capacitor, to a dynamic voltage restorer, creates a voltage that can alleviate voltage issues such as sag and swell. For both the voltage sags and voltage swells, a high voltage is necessary for a short spell. A dynamic voltage restorer is an apparatus that is linked between the voltage source and the load side using an injection transformer to input voltage into the power distribution side to remedy a problem that has a significant impact on the load voltage. With the inclusion of a dynamic voltage restorer and sliding mode controller, the system will be able to fix PQ issues such as voltage sag and swell on its own, rather than relying on the grid as in past years. MATLAB/Simulink R2018a has been used to conduct simulation studies. Simulation studies have demonstrated that the proposed scheme is more effective, simple, robust, and more flexible and has a better mitigation time of 2.5 milliseconds and a total harmonic distortion of less than 5% as per IEEE standards.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created by the United Nations to transform societies and get them ready for new challenges. These objectives have yet to be effectively implemented in many fields, nevertheless. The main objectives of SDGs have been to promote sustainable energy production, manage waste sustainably, and lessen the effects of climate change. The two main factors influencing the rapid and required growth of technology are the scarcity of fossil resources and the deterioration of our environment. Since the economies of many developing and emerging nations are built on agriculture, growing crops on a big scale produces biomass, which is seen as waste internationally. Waste management has received little attention in emerging and developing nations. In addition to all of these ongoing problems, there is also a necessity to use renewable energy sources due to the unregulated open dump sites' damage to the environment. The goal of this research is to create a biorefinery model for organic waste in order to fulfil sustainable development objectives. Different ratios of biomass were used in the waste to energy (WtE) analysis. Thermogravimetric (TG), Raman, Elemental, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Proximate, and Gross Calorific Value (GCV) examinations are a few examples of WtE research.. These evaluations look into a variety of thermo-physical characteristics, such as particle matter, surface texture, structural morphology, ignition delay, ignition temperature, peak temperature, mass loss curve, degradation rate, and burn out temperature. The goal of this effort is to create the foundation for the creation of value-added products based on biomass, either individually or in combination, for a variety of industrial applications.. As a result, it can help accelerate the shift from linear to circular economies and lessen the impact of pressing problems like climate change, environmental degradation, and negative effects on public health.
In this study, a flat plate photovoltaic thermal (FPVT) collector capable of delivering electricity and heat was designed and developed, and the system was tested outdoors at the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan (33°38’ 32.5” N, 72°59’ 03.6” E). Different parameters were evaluated, including the effect of various heat transfer fluids (HTF) on the temperature of PV cells with and without implementing the cooling mechanism, PVT thermal efficiency as a function of flowrate, and the overall performance of the PVT collector. Permitting the temperature of the PV cells adhered to the copper absorber to rise, the pump was activated when the temperature of both the cells and the absorber plate reached its maximum. By comparing the ON/OFF coolant mechanism, this study was able to achieve a 60.2% reduction in cell temperatures at coolant ON condition. At a maximum flow rate of 1 1/min, the maximum electrical, thermal, and total efficiency of the PVT collector were measured to be 16.53, 49.91, and 66.44%, respectively. With good adherence to the literature, this PVT system effectively determined the electrical and thermal performance of the PVT collector.
