Corruption is a destructive phenomenon that is present in all countries of the world. Numerous studies and analyses show that higher levels of corruption are found in countries with a low level of social and economic development, characterized by low incomes, poverty, uneven growth and development, population migration, and various diseases. Therefore, a particularly strong correlation between corruption and economic and sustainable development is characteristic of low-income countries, i.e., underdeveloped and developing countries (higher levels of the grey economy and corruption correspond to lower levels of economic and sustainable development). For developed countries, the opposite is true - higher levels of economic and sustainable development are correlated with lower levels of the grey economy and corruption. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of the shadow economy and corruption on the economic and sustainable development of European countries.
The paper deals with the issue of missing women as a consequence of gender-based violence, i.e., selective birth policies and unequal access to resources, as well as the projection of the number of women and men in the two most populous countries in the world. The socio-economic consequences that gender imbalance could cause are analysed later, not only in China and India, but also beyond the borders of the mentioned countries. Today, more than ever, by connecting people into a "global village", phenomena in one part of the world cause disturbances across the planet. While progress in combating violence against women and improving support for victims is visible in many countries, new forms of violence are emerging. The Indian Nobel Prize winner and economist Amartya Sen was the first to notice that more than one hundred million women have "disappeared". The decrease in the number of women will lead, among other things, to an increase in the number of men who will live alone, marriage migration, an increase in the number of kidnapped women, forced marriages, trafficking of women, sexual exploitation and abuse of women, as well as the accumulation of bachelors' capital.
Due to the specific nature of legal affairs and the judiciary as a whole, it was initially believed that artificial intelligence would largely bypass the legal industry. However, the degree of application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal sphere in certain countries has exceeded all expectations. This has given rise to numerous questions, not only of a legal but also of civilizational importance. The effects of the application of AI in the judiciary have remained insufficiently researched, as have their consequences. They have been overshadowed by market competition among highly developed technology companies for profit, as well as by the interests of individual states in exercising political control over the judiciary. In order to contribute to clarifying the depth of change and the essence of the risks, this paper explores the basic AI tools that are used or recommended for use in the legal industry of certain countries, primarily the USA, China, and the European Union. Their characteristics are highlighted, as well as the problems that arise in this context. The risks are all the greater if we take into account the findings of our research that the field of AI worldwide is insufficiently and superficially regulated by law. The level of control, supervision, and verification of AI remains far below what is necessary, which calls its trustworthiness into question. Therefore, the adoption of appropriate laws at the national and international levels has become a priority for the further development and application of artificial intelligence and for the prevention of dangerous and undesirable consequences, such as massive violations of human rights, the endangering of human freedoms, and deep social upheavals. The dilemmas that lawyers and judges face in the application of artificial intelligence, and which are discussed in this paper, undoubtedly require further theoretical elaboration and clarification.
This paper critically examines the types of intellectual property (IP) protection used by creative enterprises in Croatia, focusing on their impact on market positioning and overall economic performance. The aim of the study is to identify the forms of IP prevalent in the industry and to examine the practical challenges faced by these enterprises in managing and protecting their intangible assets. The methodological framework is based on the analysis of secondary data sourced from various databases and includes analytical, synthetic, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that enterprises with intellectual property rights generally have higher employment levels, higher revenues per employee, and higher average wages than enterprises without such rights. Patents are found to be particularly influential and often correlate with the greatest economic benefits. These findings underscore the strategic role that robust intellectual property protection plays in increasing the competitiveness, resilience, and long-term sustainability of creative businesses. In light of these findings, the paper recommends strengthening support systems to improve the effectiveness of IP management and legal protection in this segment of the economy.
Economic migration is an integral part of international trade transactions in the modern world. Globally, healthcare professionals constitute a significant part of overall economic migration flows. Worldwide, nurses are the most numerous group of healthcare professionals, and the quality of care is closely related to the effectiveness of the entire health system. As healthcare systems across the world grapple with staffing shortages, understanding how job satisfaction influences nurse retention and migration patterns becomes increasingly crucial. This review article explores the available literature on aspects of job satisfaction, the factors that lead to economic migration, and their implications for the nursing workforce. The findings underscore the importance of effective strategies for fostering nurses' job satisfaction and addressing the challenges of economic migration in the healthcare sector.
