Context: The behavioural counselling is an effective method to bring awareness and prevent tobacco-associated cancers in subjects with low dependence. A pilot study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week-based behavioural counselling, in which salivary cotinine among lower nicotine dependence smoking men (as per Fagerstrom scale) was assessed before and after counselling sessions. Aims: This study aims to compare salivary cotinine levels in male smokers with lower dependence before and after 8-week behavioral counselling sessions. Setting and Design: This was an observational pilot study. Materials and Methods: The study involved 46 smokers, recruited after subjecting to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The individuals were scored based on Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) as “low nicotine dependent and very low dependence.” The unstimulated saliva was collected from the participants in the pre-counselling sessions and subsequently on the 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th , and 8 th week post-quit date. The samples were analyzed for cotinine levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the counselling sessions. Statistical Analysis: Percentages and proportions; Chi-square (χ 2 ) test, Student’s independent t -test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Among sample of 46 smokers, 74% ( n = 43) belonged to “very low dependence” and 26% ( n = 12) with “low dependence.” The post-counselling salivary cotinine values were significantly low (19.54 ± 10.2) against the pre-counselling values of the (26.7 ± 10.1) samples(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study proved that a non-invasive, non-pharmacological technique such as an 8-week behavioural counselling helped smokers with lower dependence (FTND scores <6) of tobacco. Future studies can be considered in adopting this method for smokers with high tobacco dependence.
Nanotechnology, the greatest of all inventions humans have ever made till date. Here nanoparticles are used as a medium for the diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. There are higher chances of the emergence of nanodevices and nanorobots of biologic material to succeed nearly impossible results in the near future. Nanotechnology has laid its path in every field of science, giving rise to nanodentistry. Invention of dental nanorobots in the near future will help in precise diagnosis and may lead us to new treatment opportunities. This article will focus mainly on applications of nanotechnology in the field of Periodontics.
Aims and Objective: This study was designed to assess of knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental student toward antibiotic usage and development of antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: Study comprises 120 subjects. The data were obtained using a self-administrated questionnaire comprising 21 multiple choice questions (Q1-Q21) based on Likert scale (3 point) that includes questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotics usage and development of antimicrobial resistance. Pearson correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results: A majority of participants 81.7% were aware of antibiotic resistance. A high percentage of this study participant were prescribing antibiotics for conditions such as periodontal abscess drainage (81.7%), after RCT (32.5%), after scaling and root planning (27.5%), uneventful tooth extraction (30.8%), and only (40%) prescribe antibiotics to treat diabetic patients for dental procedures. Conclusion: This study concludes that dental students may prescribe antibiotics inappropriately to manage various conditions when not indicated. This may indicate a defect in education of students with regard to current antibiotic guidelines.
Background: Bibin technique emphasizes on various steps to manage child behavior. It should be started from the 1 st visit of the child to the day when the treatment is ending. Child becomes very sensitive to expressive emotions at an age of just 1 year. It has to be noted that this sensitivity to expressive emotions is the one that brings about social development in an individual. Hence, we should harness the power of the expressive emotions in controlling the child fear and anxiety. We have to keep in mind that fear and anxiety reduces the pain threshold. Bibin technique is all about instilling a positive attitude within the child by harnessing the power of expressive emotions from the environment surrounding him or her through a series of steps. This review is to prove the efficiency of Bibin technique in reducing the fear and anxiety of child. Materials and Methods: One hundred children were selected randomly for this study. Parent and patient consent was taken before initiating the procedure. Children selected were between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Fifty children were taken into the control group (Bibin technique) and the rest 50 was taken as non-control group. Pulse rate and facial imaging scale were used to analyze the effectiveness of Bibin technique. Results: It was found that the children who undergone Bibin technique had given a rating of 1–2 while those who were not in the non-control group had given a rating of 3–4 and pulse rate was lower in children who were in the control group. Conclusion: Pedodontists can effectively use Bibin technique and extensive patient planning and selection to frame the mind of the child toward treatment and establish a positive mentality within the child.
Esthetic dentistry is one of the most dynamic and challenging branches. With increasing esthetic demands, the use of composite has become widespread. From the beginning of indirect composite resin usage, several advances in composites have been developed in dentistry. Later, with improved modifications in their composition, structure, and polymerization technique had led to the innovation of the second-generation indirect resin composites (IRCs). IRCs provide enhanced mechanical property, better esthetic performance, decreased polymerization shrinkage, and repairability. Owing to these features, IRCs have been used broadly in various clinical applications. Hence, the aim of this article is to review and explore the properties and advances in IRCs.
