Alcohol use is the leading substance use in the United States. Persons with alcohol use disorder (AUD) face enormous health consequences and family problems. Analysis of Medicaid enrollee data is critical to understand different aspects of AUD and the treatment utilization for patients with AUD. Yearly patient-level data were constructed from the Kentucky 2012-2019 Medicaid claims data. ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes were used to identify patients with AUD and their comorbid conditions, the 11-digit National Drug Codes were used to identify medication treatments, and procedure codes were used to identify psychosocial and behavioral therapies. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors that were associated with AUD prevalence and AUD treatments. The prevalence of AUD trended up over time. Patients living in metro areas, between ages 45-54, having mental disorders, tobacco use, and with a family history of alcoholism had significantly higher rates of AUD. About 60% of patients diagnosed with AUD had major depressive disorder or anxiety. The treatment utilization for AUD also trended up from 2012 to 2019; however, it was still lower than 25% in 2019. Pharmacological treatments were used in only 2.89% of AUD cases in 2012, which increased to 8.13% in 2019. Psychosocial treatments were used in only 1.59% of AUD cases in 2012 that increased to 18.95% in 2019. The prevalence of AUD trended up over years. However, the treatment utilization for AUD was lower than 25%, even as of 2019. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, evidence-based, personalized AUD treatments.
The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Bill, 1985 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 23 August 1985. It was passed by both the Houses of Parliament and it was assented by the President on 16 September 1985. It came into force on 14 November 1985 as THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 (shortened to NDPS Act). Under the NDPS Act, it is illegal for a person to produce/manufacture/cultivate, possess, sell, purchase, transport, store, and/or consume any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. Under one of the provisions of the act, the Narcotics Control Bureau was set up with effect from March 1986. The Act is designed to fulfill India's treaty obligations under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. The Act has been amended three times - in 1988, 2001, and most recently in 2014.
The new study, led by world-renowned drug researchers from the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS) and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), has demonstrated a new mode of targeting the adenosine A1 receptor protein, which has long been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for non-opioid painkillers to treat neuropathic pain but for which the development of painkillers had failed due to a lack of sufficient on-target selectivity, as well as undesirable adverse effects.
Publisher Summary Narcissistic personality disorder is a newly recognized diagnostic entity in clinical psychiatry. The cardinal feature of narcissistic personality disorder is heightened narcissism. Individuals with this disorder display grandiosity, intense ambition, and an insatiable craving for admiration. Their consuming self-interest renders them incapable of appreciating and understanding the independent motivations and needs of others. Consequently, they come across as cold, unempathic, exploitative, and having little concern for those around them. The clinical features of narcissistic personality disorder involve six areas of psychosocial functioning: self-concept, interpersonal relations, social adaptation, ethics, standards, and ideals, love and sexuality, and cognitive style. In each of these areas there are “overt” and “covert” manifestations. These designations do not necessarily imply their conscious or unconscious existence although such topographical distribution might also exist. In general, however, the overt and covert designations denote seemingly contradictory phenomenological aspects that are more or less easily discernible. Moreover, these contradictions are not restricted to the individual's self-concept but permeate his or her interpersonal relations, social adaptation, love life, morality, and cognitive style.
