Nerve tissue regeneration represents a fundamental scientific challenge, especially in large spinal cord injuries inhibited by natural biological factors. The ability of peripheral nerves to spontaneously repair small injuries is limited, necessitating complex surgical grafts with secondary complications in larger cases. This research develops a revolutionary strategy based on hybrid nanobridges made from a scientifically proven combination of graphene (59%) and boron nitride (41%). Graphene provides ultrafast electrical conductivity (1.6 × 10⁶ m/s), while boron nitride ensures optimal biocompatibility (9.4/10) and mechanical stability. The results revealed that the optimal hybrid ratio increased the efficiency of nerve signal transmission by 40%, and increased the quantum tunneling probability to 0.65 at 3 nm, accelerating axonal regeneration. The high electric field concentration (0.1 V/nm) in the nucleus allows for precise stimulation of damaged cells. By combining the superior electrochemical properties of graphene with the optimal biocompatibility of boron nitride, these nanobridges represent a quantum leap in neural tissue engineering, opening new horizons for treating spinal paralysis and complex injuries.
With the development of intelligent driving technology, there are more and more complaints about motion sickness from passengers in autonomous vehicles. A precise tool is needed to measure ride comfort. This paper proposes a motion sickness estimation method that combines vehicle dynamics with human factors. It integrates the six-degree-of-freedom SVC model into a comprehensive human-car interaction framework. Real-world experiments collected relevant data from in-vehicle tests, the average accuracy rate of head linear acceleration prediction is 89.1%, and the accuracy rate of angular velocity prediction is 84.6%. The heart rate variability data and participant feedback are consistent with the model prediction. This consistency means the method can capture real passenger motion perception. It helps to improve the ride comfort of autonomous driving.
The structural changes of a type of polydiacetylene single crystal obtained via the physical vapor transport technique induced by the formation of polymeric backbone chains upon ultraviolet irradiation are discussed in this paper. On the basis of the results of X-ray diffractometry, X-ray topography, and atomic force microscopy, the structural changes were confirmed to be due to the formation of backbone chains along the basal (010) plane. The high periodicity between equivalent (010) planes is maintained regardless of the formation of backbone chains. The observation of the surface morphology on the basal (010) plane revealed that many polymeric bundles were formed in both the [001] and [101] directions.
This investigation assessed how incorporating vanillin into a dental adhesive influences bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Experimental adhesives, formulated with 0.5% and 1.0% vanillin, were compared against a vanillin-free adhesive and a control using a multi-species biofilm model. No significant differences in bacterial adhesion were observed across the groups, with optical density (OD) values ranging from 0.28 to 0.40. In contrast, adhesives containing vanillin demonstrated a marked reduction in biofilm formation. After 48 hours, the strongest inhibition was recorded for the 1.0% vanillin adhesive (0.63 ± 0.07), followed by the 0.5% vanillin adhesive (0.77 ± 0.04), which were significantly lower than the vanillin-free (1.19 ± 0.08) and control (1.68 ± 0.05) groups. While biofilm accumulation increased in all groups by 72 hours, the vanillin-containing adhesives consistently maintained lower values than the controls. A concentration-dependent effect was confirmed by percent reduction analysis, which showed the 1.0% vanillin adhesive lowered biofilm by 62.5% at 48 hours and 45.0% at 72 hours. Vanillin also suppressed acidogenicity, as reflected by significantly higher culture medium pH values that remained near neutral at both 48 and 72 h, while the vanillin-free adhesive and control dropped below the critical pH 5.5 threshold. These findings suggest that vanillin effectively suppresses biofilm development without impacting bacterial adhesion, potentially serving as a natural additive to enhance the antibacterial properties of dental adhesives and minimize the risk of secondary caries.
