Introduction The prevalence of obesity among adults in Denmark is 18.7%. Sarcopenic obesity, as defined by the combination of low skeletal muscle mass, low muscle strength and obesity, is associated with increased morbidity and early mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity amongst Danish individuals with obesity is unknown. The South Denmark Obesity Initiative is a screening program where people with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 and age between 18 and 60 years are examined for the presence of obesity-related diseases. We describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and explore its potential impact in obesity related disease in a Danish cohort of people with obesity. Methods Data were collected between September 2020 and April 2025 and included demographic variables (sex, age), anthropometric data (height, weight, hip and waist circumference), assessment of body composition by bioimpedance and single slice CT, hand grip strength, and presence of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The ESPEN/EASO consensus statement criteria for sarcopenic obesity were used. Results Of 1053 individuals screened, 1040 were included, of whom 26 females and 5 males met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is low (3.0%) in this Danish screening cohort of people with obesity and with a mean age of 42. The individual impact of having sarcopenic obesity is unclear.
Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have moved rapidly from diabetes-focused therapy into widespread obesity treatment, while direct-to-consumer promotion, social media, and safety discourse have become increasingly visible. The way these topics are represented in the scientific literature has not been mapped in an integrated manner. Objective To characterize publication growth, thematic evolution, keyword structure, and international collaboration in research at the intersection of GLP-1 RAs, marketing, social media, misinformation, and safety. Methods We performed a Scopus-based bibliometric analysis of English-language publications from 2011 through 2024. The prespecified query returned 540 records, all of which were retained for the bibliometric corpus. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used for descriptive, temporal, keyword co-occurrence, thematic, and country collaboration analyses. Publication growth was summarized using the Bibliometrix annual growth metric and a third-order polynomial fit. Bibliometric findings were interpreted using a focused narrative synthesis restricted primarily to peer-reviewed studies and official regulatory sources. Results The corpus showed marked acceleration after 2020, with an annual growth rate of 12.61% and a third-order polynomial fit of R2 = 0.947. Recent keyword patterns shifted away from earlier diabetes and comparative-pharmacology terminology toward obesity and semaglutide. Co-occurrence mapping identified five interpretable clusters centered on patient-related symptoms and digital discourse, safety and pharmacovigilance, marketing and consumer promotion, clinical outcomes and comorbidities, and comparative pharmacology. Country mapping showed concentrated output and collaboration among a limited number of high-output research hubs; country counts were based on full counting and were therefore non-exclusive. Conclusions The literature has evolved from a predominantly pharmacologic and diabetes-centered base toward obesity, semaglutide, public communication, marketing, and safety. These bibliometric patterns indicate changes in scholarly attention and connectivity, not causal effects of marketing on patient behavior or adverse outcomes. Future work should directly test relationships among digital exposure, prescribing behavior, safety signals, and access using empirical and multilingual designs.
Background & objectives Obesity often coexists with hypertension, diabetes mellitus causing significant rise of cardiometabolic risk, particularly among Indian populations. Conventional metrics like inadequately capture fat distribution and obesity-related organ dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess clinical obesity and different anthropometric profile of individuals coming to non-communicable disease (NCD) clinic and their associated factors. Materials and methods This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the NCD clinic of tertiary care hospital situated in Western Uttar Pradesh. People (aged ≥30 years) living with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both attending NCD clinic were included and those with conditions affecting body composition, or inability to respond were excluded. Data of basic sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and recent biochemical variables were collected. The outcome variables were clinical obesity, body mass index (BMI) and related adiposity indices. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square/ANOVA test, multivariable ordinal regression and sensitivity analysis; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Total 833 participants (366 hypertensions only, 357 diabetes only, and 110 with both) were included. Majority of participants were aged between 40 and 49 years (32.5%) and female (55%). Overall, 70.7% had clinical obesity, with highest prevalence in hypertension only group (88.0%) with other indicators like BMI, Conicity Index were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Extended family, age 60-69 years, longer duration of hypertension (>10 years), tobacco use, presence of both HTN & DM etc. were independently associated with higher odds (p < 0.001), while lower socioeconomic classes had significantly lower odds for clinical obesity. The sensitivity analysis in view of circularity of the raised blood pressure and metabolic variable yielded lesser burden of clinical obesity (50%) with preserved association with the predictors. Conclusions Significant burden of clinical obesity among people suffering from cardiometabolic diseases was noted. However, we recommend a community based multi-site study to explore further.
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic alterations, whereas polyamine pathways play a key role in the regulation of immune and metabolic homeostasis. In this context, polyamines like spermidine and putrescine modulate autophagy, oxidative stress responses and also immune cell differentiation, determining inflammatory profiles in adipose and systemic tissues. The gut microbiome is a significant endogenous source of polyamines, generating metabolites that modify the mammalian host’s pools and signaling pathways. Obesity-related dysbiosis modifies microbial-derived polyamine synthesis, which in turn disrupts the host–microbiota crosstalk and shifts immune reactivity toward a pro-inflammatory profile. This review integrates the available information on polyamine metabolism and signaling in obesity-related inflammation, emphasizing that spermidine and putrescine exhibit a duality in immune modulation as well as metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies such as dietary modulation, probiotics and pharmacological interventions that restore polyamine homeostasis and ameliorate obesity-associated inflammation. Insight into the microbiota–polyamine axis offers translational application in biomarker discovery and precision care for metabolic, inflammatory pathologies.
