Background & Aim: Midwives experience high levels of stress due to the nature of their work. Some factors can play a significant role in the occupational stress experience. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of emotional intelligence and individual-occupational factors on occupational stress among the midwives working in Rasht. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, correlational study, 250 midwives working in health centers and hospitals in Rasht, from May to September 2018 were included using stratified random sampling. Questionnaires on demographic characteristics, emotional intelligence and occupational stress were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics including independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression at the significant level of 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence and occupational stress were 114.20±12.55, 119.66±15.48 respectively. Predictors of occupational stress (P<0.05) included workplace variables (private hospital: β=-0.19, P=0.012), overtime hours (β=-0.33, P<0.001), sleeping hours (β=0.13, P=0.011), social activity (β=0.11, P=0.029), age (β=0.25, P=0.045) and the overall score of emotional intelligence (β=0.55, P<0.001). These variables explained 54% of variance of occupational stress. Conclusion: Overall, in the adjusted model of the workplace variables, overtime hours, sleeping hours, level of social activity, midwife’s age and the overall score of emotional intelligence were significant predictors of occupational stress. Accordingly, designing effective programs can improve the performance of midwives.
Background & Aim: Patient participation is an important component of the patient-centered care approach and part of patients’ rights, with positive outcomes for the health care system. The aim of this study was to explore the nurseschr('39') experiences of patient participation in nursing care and its related factors. Methods & Materials: This qualitative study was carried out with the participation of 18 nurses working in educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2019. The purposeful sampling through semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. To achieve the accuracy of the data, the Lincoln and Guba criteria were used. Results: Analysis of the data resulted in four main categories "giving information, decision-making, collaboration and respect". The patient’s participation from the nurses’ perspectives was: an interactive process of decision-making and collaboration between the nurse and the patient with the exchange of information, respect, and permission from the patient. The results also included the prerequisites, domains, outcomes, barriers, and solutions for patient participation in nursing care. Conclusion: Patient participation today is considered the legal right of the patient and also the gold standard of international health care systems. So nurses, health system policy makers, patients and academic centers can use these results to improve patient participation in the care.
Background & Aim: The experience of approaching death is one of the undeniable facts of aging that can cause fear and anxiety in the elderly. Given that spirituality as a solid base can be a powerful factor in controlling tense situations, this study was conducted to examine the effect of spiritual group therapy on death anxiety in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 elderly people attending the elderly daily center in Aliabad Katoul (Golestan Province) in 2018. Sampling was done using the convenience method and participants were randomly assigned into either experimental- or control group. The experimental group received spiritual group therapy in 8 sessions within eight weeks. The data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Templer death anxiety scale. Using the SPSS software version 16, data were analyzed through independent t-test, paired t-test and covariance test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The rate of death anxiety before the intervention in the experimental- and control group were 7.36±3.67 and 7.32±1.65 respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.961). After the intervention, the average score of death anxiety for the experimental group was 5.24±3.28 and for the control group was 7.84±1.92 which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended to provide the necessary conditions to the elderly to participate in spiritual activities, which can be effective in improving the psychological state of the elderly. Clinical trial registry: IRCT20181207041877N1
Background & Aim: Physical activity is a health behavior that helps onechr('39')s mental and general health, improves the health of women during preconception period and reduces pregnancy and birth complications. The aim of this study was to predict physical activity based on the BASNEF model constructs during preconception period among women referred to Uremia health centers. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 women during preconception period, who were selected using the multistage sampling method in 2018. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, the BASNEF model constructs, and a short form of the international physical activity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression and t-test through the SPSS software version 16. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of women had low levels of physical activity. Knowledge (β=0.2, P<0.003), attitude (β=0.15, P<0.017), and enabling factors (β=0.18, P<0.004) significantly explained their intention to do physical activity. Also, among the predictive variables, knowledge (P<0.001) significantly explained physical activity. Conclusion: Low rate of womenchr('39')s physical activity during preconception period calls for designing an intervention based on BASNEF model in order to influence knowledge, attitude and enabling factors.
Background & Aim: Tokophobia was introduced as a psychiatric disorder for the first time in 2000. The purpose of this study is to answer four questions: What is tokophobia and how does it occur? What is the global prevalence of tokophobia? What are the symptoms of tokophobia? and what are the strategies for the control and treatment of tokophobia? Methods & Materials: This systematic review was conducted by searching articles in English and Persian published between January 2000 and January 2018 on international databases; PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and domestic databases; Magiran and SID, along with a manual search in resources. Results: After reviewing 151 articles, finally 16 were included in the study. The results indicate that tokophobia is a severe and pathological fear of childbirth. In the categorization of psychiatric disorders, it is classified as a specific phobia based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). The etiology of tokophobia is multifactorial, and its prevalence in pregnant women was reported around 14 percent among 18 countries. The signs and symptoms of the disorder are insomnia, crying, restlessness, depression, anxiety and severe worry about childbirth. Psychological strategies, cognitive behavior therapy and medication have been proposed to reduce the fear of childbirth in women in different studies. Conclusion: As a guide, these results can assist the healthcare team members to recognize and screen at-risk women as well as to perform nursing interventions and psychotherapy in the prenatal and delivery stages.
