生成式AI算法训练活动容易引发数据违法或质量低劣、算法偏差(错误)、偏见与歧视以及触碰反垄断红线等诸多风险,对社会与经济产生显著负外部性.而当前的风险治理机制面临防范不足、规制滞后、治理失范等困境,故而应考虑将生成式AI算法训练风险引入合规管理.生成式AI算法训练风险的依法治理和包容治理证成了对其进行合规管理的正当性和可行性.具体到生成式AI算法训练风险合规管理的实践路径:首先对其法律制度体系进行梳理,据此提炼和总结出生成式AI企业具有算法训练合规管理的法定义务,并且明晰对其全方面的法律监管要求.然后生成式AI企业应据此实施算法训练合规管理,主要包括实施原则的确定和实施方案的具体构建.前者包含生成式AI算法训练计划、过程以及结果的全流程合规,后者包括构建算法训练合规管理基础性平台和对算法训练全流程合规风险的处理.同时,为保障生成式AI企业依法实施算法训练合规管理,需优化企业对外面向的行政监管与激励机制.
本文运用全球贸易分析模型GTAP分析RCEP关税减让对东亚贸易格局的影响.结果显示,RCEP将对东亚经济产生正负双向影响,多数经济体将从中获益,但泰国、中国台湾地区等却将遭受小幅冲击.同时,RCEP也将对东亚出口产品结构产生影响,既将扩大RCEP成员间的贸易往来,也将促进中国、日本、韩国、越南等RCEP成员对东亚出口的扩张,而中国香港地区、中国台湾地区未能加入RCEP恐将在东亚贸易往来中面临"边缘化"风险.此外,RCEP将促进东亚贸易结构中的产业间贸易特征不断强化,RCEP框架下东亚经济体间的货物贸易变动、经济体在东亚的货物贸易变动以及分行业在东亚的贸易货物变动均将主要来源于产业间贸易.
当数字技术介入政府重大行政决策程序,决策理念、模式、途径开始了新一轮的发展和变革.为解决继而引发的数字技术如何利用和规制的问题,本文建议:在科学决策方面,应综合数字化平台发展优势,以应对区域性专家库建设水平参差不齐、专家中立性不足等问题,并提供规范化工作保障和监管机制;以数据结合个人智慧,提升风险评估结论的科学性,借助数字便利拉长风险评估时间跨度以应对激增的社会风险.在民主决策方面,利用数字化疏通决策信息公开渠道,丰富数字化民主参与形式.在依法决策方面,加强合法性审查运用人工智能的法律规制,明确人工智能的工具地位;并以"终身"为目标,利用并规范数字化记录落实重大决策终身责任追究制度对依法决策的促进.
Based on the existing research results,it is proposed to start from the perspective of the core business market power of manufacturing enterprises,and take 250 servitized manufacturing enterprises in four provinces of China,including Shandong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong,as the research samples,and adopt quantitative research methods to analyze in depth the positive influence of the core business market power of manufacturing enterprises in the successful transformation of the servitization strategy of manufac-turing enterprises.The study shows that there is a strong correlation between the successful transformation of servitization strategy of manufacturing enterprises and the strong market power of core business constructs of manufacturing enterprises.The establishment of this relationship is mediated by customers'trust in the company's ability to successfully engage in the service business as a result of the strong market power built by the company's core business.It is also found that in the process of strategic transformation of manufac-turing companies into service companies,the trust in customers'capabilities built by the market power of the core business of manufac-turing companies is moderated by the consistent performance of the core business in the market.That is,the more consistent the core business of a manufacturing company is in the market,the more customers tend to believe that the company has the proprietary ability to successfully engage in the development of product service systems.Based on the above,this study concludes that manufacturing com-panies cannot ignore the important role of the market power of their core business if they want to successfully transform into a service-oriented strategy.Therefore,if a manufacturing company wants to extend to a business area dominated by service provision,the focus on the core business of the company should not be weakened,but should be strengthened.
Based on the industrial enterprises database from 1998 to 2007,this paper takes China's household registration reform policy as a quasi-natural experiment,using the difference-in-difference method to empirically study the impact of labor market flexi-bility on enterprises'export behavior.The study finds that the improvement of labor market flexibility will significantly reduce the ex-port willingness and export intensity of enterprises.After a series of validity tests and robustness tests,this conclusion remains valid.From the perspective of influence channels,labor market flexibility affects the export behavior of enterprises through product innova-tion and employment fluctuations.The impact of labor market flexibility on firm export behavior varies with firm ownership,geographic location,and firm size,and it mainly reduces the export willingness and export intensity of private firms,firms in the eastern and cen-tral regions,and small and medium-sized firms.
