This article addresses the analysis of aerodynamic properties and performance evaluation of modern composite General Aviation aircraft, using the Diamond DA50 as a case study. The primary research problem was to verify whether integrating classical analytical methods with numerical flow analysis enables an accurate representation of the actual flight characteristics of this airframe. The objective of the study was to determine the complete aerodynamic polar and flight parameters using XFLR5 software and analytical flight mechanics methods, specifically the component build-up method. As a result of the research, characteristic speeds, aerodynamic efficiency, and climb performance were determined, providing results consistent with manufacturer data within a margin of error of less than 5%. The authors' original contribution lies in the comprehensive development of an analytical-numerical drag model for the DA50 aircraft, including a precise estimation of the influence of the retractable landing gear and empennage, thereby demonstrating the high effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Morphing is a technology that allows among others the shape of rotating components in aircraft structures and hypersonic propulsion systems to be adapted to flight conditions, significantly increasing their performance. This paper summarizes current research in the field of propulsion systems, with particular emphasis on variable duty cycle engines as another method for improving propulsion system performance. This involves changing the airflow within the engine rather than changing the shape of internal engine components. An example of a movable engine air intake is provided, using the Pratt & Whitney J58 engine intake as an example. A new concept for inlet cone modeling is also presented, based on the analysis of the mechanism by which a bee's abdomen adapts to flight conditions. A significant area of research on this topic is the development of cellular structures and materials used in the construction of morphing structures. Artificial intelligence-based mechanisms are considered the most promising method for controlling and diagnosing these types of structures.
The article presents the analysis of reliability and availability of the information system, conducted by distinguishing of principal subsystems constituting the whole system, taking into account the dependencies linking them, and their influence on functioning of the entire system. Their appropriate functioning is crucial for proper performance of the whole system, and eventual disruptions within particular subsystems, can have negative impact on functionality of others, and consequently, on reliability of operation of the entire system. The local load sharing model, for the multistate series system, taking into account relations of disruptions within operation of its subsystems, has been used to analyse their impact on system reliability. The researches can cover both the internal disruptions, that appear within the subsystems, caused by i.e. aging of their components, and also these of external sources (i.e. cyberattacks, additional loads). The proposed methodology allows to distinguish especially sensitive subsystems, which, in case of disturbances appearing in their operation, show abnormally high negative impact on performance of the entire system. This way, the analyses allow to point the weakest chains in the system, the strengthening of which is crucial for safe and uninterrupted operation of the system. They can also help to determine recommended time frames for conducting of renewals of the particular subsystems, which, in case of their exceedance, significantly increase the sensitivity of the system to various disturbances.
Rozwój klasycznych systemów obliczeniowych nieuchronnie zbliża się do swoich fizycznych barier, co stwarza wyzwanie dla sektorów wymagających analizy ogromnych zbiorów danych w czasie rzeczywistym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza potencjału technologii kwantowych, w szczególności algorytmów wyżarzania kwantowego i kwantowego uczenia maszynowego (QML), w optymalizacji i zarządzaniu ruchem lotniczym (ATM). W obliczu rosnącego nasycenia przestrzeni powietrznej i wynikającego z tego spadku jej przepustowości, w pracy zweryfikowano możliwość wdrożenia układów opartych na kubitach (na przykładzie architektury D-Wave) do rozwiązywania problemów nawigacyjnych. Przeanalizowano dwa kluczowe obszary: analizę obrazowania satelitarnego dla systemów GIS oraz dekonfliktację optymalnych pod względem wiatru trajektorii lotu (np. na obszarze Północnego Atlantyku). Badania dowodzą, że mapowanie problemów lotniczych do kwadratowego problemu optymalizacji binarnej (QUBO) pozwala na błyskawiczne generowanie bezkolizyjnych wariantów przepływu ruchu, na przykład poprzez parametryzację opóźnień odlotów. Ponadto, algorytmy QML wykazują przewagę nad metodami klasycznymi w precyzyjnej ekstrakcji punktów kluczowych ze zdjęć satelitarnych. Mimo aktualnych ograniczeń sprzętowych ery NISQ, takich jak zjawisko dekoherencji, przeprowadzone dowody słuszności koncepcji (proof-of-concept) potwierdzają, że hybrydowe systemy kwantowe stanowią wysoce perspektywiczny fundament dla przyszłych systemów nawigacji 4D oraz bezpieczeństwa lotnictwa.
The research presented in this paper constitutes a preliminary stage of a project focused on the development of metal–fiber composites. The project aims to design hybrid materials based on aerospace-grade aluminum alloy (2024-T3) and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM Grade 5), combined with fibers that can undergo low-emission recycling or processing, namely flax and basalt fibers. The study involved the preparation of adhesive joint specimens between metal sheets and an epoxy-basalt composite, as well as the evaluation of joint quality. Surface preparation of the metal substrates was carried out using six different methods: glass bead blasting – only, glass bead blasting followed by a sol-gel layer, glass bead blasting combined with a sol-gel layer and a primer based on phenolic and epoxy resins with corrosion inhibitors, sanding – only, sanding followed by a sol-gel layer, sanding combined with a sol-gel layer and a primer. The adherends were separated during testing. The failure mode was analyzed and classified as either adhesive or cohesive. Joints were considered satisfactory when failure occurred within the epoxy adhesive layer (cohesive failure), indicating high interfacial adhesion between the bonded materials.
