Ag was sputter-deposited for 30–90 s onto Bi2Se3/arrayed silicon nanowire (SiNW) heterostructures to examine how Ag loading affects their optical and power conversion responses. The SEM–EDS Ag fraction, normalized to the summed Bi, Se, and Ag contents, increased from 2.47 to 9.62 at.
To address the low initial permeability of FeCo-based nanocrystalline alloys, which limit their application in high-efficiency magnetic devices, this study proposes a varying rare-earth (RE) yttrium (Y) additions strategy. Distinct from traditional closed-loop toroidal core testing, which often introduces winding stresses, we employed an open-circuit solenoid measurement system to directly characterize ribbon samples. This approach facilitates eliminates interference from winding tension and enables efficient performance screening. By integrating non-isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis, multi-scale microstructural characterization (HRTEM-GPA), and first-principles calculations, we attempted to investigate the synergistic regulation mechanisms of Y on crystallization behavior, interfacial stress states, and electronic structure. Our results suggest that adding Y broadens the crystallization temperature window and promotes subsequent cooperative nucleation, yielding a uniform and fine-grained α-Fe(Si) nanocrystalline structure. Simultaneously, this addition releases interfacial stress between the nanocrystalline and amorphous phases, reducing the effective anisotropy constant. Furthermore, density of states (DOS) analysis suggests that spin-up electronic states dominate the origin of magnetism. Based on open-circuit solenoid measurements, the optimal composition shows a high saturation magnetic flux density of 1.29 T, a 2.4-fold enhancement in initial permeability, and a 5.4
The wide application of smart sensing hydrogels in fields such as artificial intelligence, human movement and health monitoring has attracted widespread attention and become a research hotspot. Based on the analysis and summary of the literature in recent years, this paper systematically reviews the latest progress in their preparation methods, sensing mechanisms and applications. In terms of preparation methods, the characteristics of physical crosslinking methods such as hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, freeze–thaw crystallization, and chemical covalent bond crosslinking methods such as free radical polymerization, click chemistry, and Schiff’s base reaction in constructing the cross-linked network structure of sensing hydrogels and their influences on mechanical properties, self-healing property, bonding performance, and sensing performance were mainly summarized. The research progress of smart sensing mechanisms for stimulus responses such as stress, pH value, electrochemistry, optics, and heat is summarized. This review summarizes the application progress of smart sensing hydrogels in fields such as physiological information monitoring, human motion monitoring, medical sensing, and human–computer interaction. It also analyzes the challenges faced and future development trends. This review has positive significance for understanding the research status and development of smart sensing hydrogels.
Ammonium hexaaqua-nickel(II) sulfate, an efficient inorganic crystal was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction study which confirms that the grown crystal is monoclinic system with the space group P21/c.Crystal packing is mostly governed by strong O—H…O and N—H…O hydrogen bond interactions. Intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The presence of various functional groups has been identified by using FT-Raman and FT-IR Spectral analysis. Absorbance and the bandgap energy value at 5.867 eV were evaluated using UV–Visible spectroscopy, which confirmed the optical quality of the crystal. The fluorescence spectrum shows a high-intensity peak at 531 nm and belongs to the green emission radiation region. The thermal stability of the crystal was determined from thermo gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry curve. Dielectric studies revealed that dielectric constant and dielectric loss were high at lower frequency region due the space charge polarization. The mechanical property of the grown single crystal was studied using Vickers microhardness tester. The Z-scan technique is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties. A diode-pumped solid-state continuous laser of 532 nm is used with an optical power of 100 mW. Closed aperture mode indicates the self-focusing nature and positive nonlinearity of the crystal. Open aperture mode reveals the saturation absorption within the crystal. The nonlinear optical parameters such as nonlinear refractive index n2, nonlinear absorption coefficient β and nonlinear susceptibility χ (3) are also determined.
(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xTi1-xO2 ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.10 were synthesized by solid-state reaction. XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed a single-phase tetragonal rutile structure, accompanied by lattice expansion and increased crystallite size and microstrain with increasing dopant concentration. SEM revealed grain growth, while EDS mapping of the x = 0.07 composition showed homogeneous distribution of Zn and Nb without detectable segregation. Zn/Nb co-doping enhanced the dielectric response, with the dielectric constant at 1 kHz increasing from 1.7 × 103 for pure TiO2 to 2.3 × 104 for x = 0.04, which exhibited the highest AC conductivity. Impedance spectroscopy revealed higher grain-boundary resistance than grain resistance, consistent with a heterogeneous microstructure and an IBLC-type contribution. Annealing of x = 0.04 at 1000 °C for 4 h increased the dielectric constant from 2.3 × 104 to 3.1 × 104 while reducing dielectric loss from 0.21 to 0.05. This was accompanied by an increase in grain-boundary resistance from 3.5 × 104 to 5.4 × 104 Ω cm. Temperature-dependent measurements at 1 kHz showed relative changes of 13.3
