Tele-nursing is an evolving subject and with the advent of new technologies, the scope of nurses' practice is expanding. The spread of the corona virus around the world has becomes a global challenge. Nurses, meanwhile, are one of the leading experts in combating COVID-19, helping to screen suspected patients as well as prevent the spread of infection and provide information on COVID-19 prevention measures. On the one hand, increasing technology growth and on the other hand, increasing access to nursing services, has necessitated the use of tele-nursing in patient care. This study is a conceptual review. The steps performed are: 1- Designing the research question, 2- Searching and extracting research-related studies, 3- Selecting related studies, 4- Tabulating and summarizing information and data, and 5- Reporting the results. The use of tele-nursing is a medical method to provide high quality nursing care in the field of COVID-19. Distance education by nurses is essential to promote the mental health of families and children in the field of Covid 19. Tele-nursing is a solution to meet the challenges of efficient and quality health services.
Recently, especially during Covid-19, there has been an increasing trend of Self-Medication (SM) in rural and semi urban areas of India. There are various contributing factors for these practices. It is defined as the use of medicine by patients on his own initiative or on the advice of pharmacists, previous prescription, and suggestion of family members of friends instead of consulting qualified doctors. The medicines which are available with pharmacists without prescription or over the counter (OTC) are known to be part of self-medication. A medicine that requires doctors’ recommendation is known as prescribed product (Rx products).The present work discusses the positive sides at individual level and community level and at the same time possible risks involved at community level and individual level. It was found that even though there were various risks involved due to self-medication, people in rural and semi-urban areas also find some positive side of the same. Most importantly they believe that it reduces the cost of travelling, and cost of consultation with doctor. Sometimes due to past experience of the same sort of diseases or symptoms, people opt for self-medication practices. The study concludes that Potential benefits at individual levels were self – reliance for preventing minor disease and saving of time & energy. Similarly the same for the community level were extending the health care services to the needy people in rural and remote areas and saving scare medical resources for minor treatments /diseases. Potential risk at individual levels Failure to report or recognize the adverse drug reactions. Failure to seek appropriate medical assistance immediately and from the community point of view wasteful public expenditure and will lead to family disturbance due to death of member of family. © 2022 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)
The aim of current study was to evaluate the outcome of some laboratory tests and accuracy of diagnostic tests for patients with COVID-19. The QUADAS-2 tool was utilized to quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. For data extraction, two reviewers blind and independently extracted data from and full text of studies that included. 95% confidence interval for effect size with fixed effect model and Inver-variance method were calculated. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata/MP v.16 software. 469 studies were reviewed, of which the full text of 52 studies was reviewed and finally twenty-two studies were selected for meta-analysis. Mean differences of Alanine transaminase was 3.40 U/L (MD, 95% CI -2.45, 9.25), correlation between Alanine transaminase and severe COVID-19 was not significantly. Stool, feces, rectal swabs 25% (ES, 95% CI 0.32, 0.82), Urine 1% (ES, 95% CI 0.05, 0.58), overall sensitivity of PCR for detection of COVID-19 was 44% (ES, 95% CI 0.19, 0.68), less sensitive observerd when PCR detection of COVID-19. Evidence revealed that at the time of admission of patients with COVID-19, a specific laboratory model can be used to perform relevant tests and make decisions about patients. PCR using sputum samples was highly sensitive for detecting COVID-19 and after that computed tomography of the chest was identified with high sensitivity. © 2022 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).
The goal of the immunization program is to provide protection from diseases that can be prevented by immunization (PD3I), such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B, and measles. Therefore, optimizing the immunization coverage is very important. The coverage of complete basic immunization in Pekalongan District decreased to 88.4% in 2017, while 7 cases of measles were still found. Further, the coverage of immunization has been a challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The objective of this study was to analyze the complete basic immunization coverage in Pekalongan Regency using Rapid Card Check. This study used an analytic observational design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was performed using chi-square analysis, while in-depth interviews carried out a qualitative analysis to explore further the reasons for not having immunization. The number of samples was 535 toddlers aged 10-26 months. The sample was selected based on random sampling techniques, and data were collected using Rapid Card Check instrument. The coverage of immunization was 71.6%, and only 2.1% did the immunization correctly. Based on the type of antigen, the highest immunization coverage was HB0 = 88.4%, and the lowest was measles = 74.4%. The highest immunization accuracy was the type of antigen HB0 = 85.4%, and the lowest one was Polio4 = 12.0%. The coverage of complete basic immunization in Pekalongan District is still below the national target (95%) in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Therefore, intensive efforts should be made to increase the coverage in the current ear © 2022 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) represent the most important applications of nanotechnology in fields of medicine. The study aimed at clarifying their toxic effect, especially upon biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney functions of lab animals. Twenty-four healthy rats were distributed on 4 groups, each containing 6 rats. Control group included rats without any treatment, while GNPs group of mice were under intoxication with gold nanoparticles at a dosage of 50 μl/day for 7 days. As for the GNPs + BS group, intoxicated rats with GNPs were given oil of black seed at a dosage of 10 ml / kg. Finally, BS group included rats were under treatment of 1 ml/ kg of black seed oil. Serum levels of hepato-renal parameters including alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea, creatinine, and uric acid, were measured to detect impaired liver and kidneys functions. Rats treated with GNPs indicated a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in all these biomarkers levels contrasted to the group of control. Then, co-administration of black seed oil together with GNPs had a significant effect on reducing hepatorenal functions disorders. Thus, from these results, it can be concluded that the black seed oil has shown a defensive effect against the disturbances caused by GNPs in the liver and kidney functions of rats.
