A bio-inspired neuromorphic computing technique uses optical threshold logic gates to mimic the decision-making mechanisms of biological neurons, enabling the development of a low-power, high-speed, enhanced information-processing system. In this work, the design and analysis of an integrated electro-optic 8:1 Multiplexer based on a Ti-diffused LiNbO _3 waveguide structure are presented using a Binary Decision Diagram. The configuration has no waveguide crossing, which minimizes optical losses. Our proposed 8:1 MUX can be reconfigured into a 4-input optical unweighted Majority threshold logic with equal input-variable weights, as well as 3-input Majority, 3-input AND, 2-input OR, and 2-input AND logic functions, which are special cases of a 4-input majority gate. In this work, an inherent relationship between universal MUX and Threshold logic functions has been presented, demonstrating how to reconfigure the higher-order MUX tree to employ weighted and unweighted threshold functions with independent input weights and threshold constants. The analytical correctness of each design has been cross-verified using Python-based simulations and 2D and 3D Beam Propagation Method simulations on the OPTIBPM platform. The proposed device exhibits a maximum optical extinction ratio of 19.97 dB, an optical contrast ratio of 21.31 dB, and an optical loss of 0.33 dB. The compactness, low-loss operation, and inherent weighted-input processing of the MUX-tree-based design make it a promising neuromorphic photonic processor and next-generation high-speed optical artificial intelligence system.
This study explores how helical and planar wiggler fields influence electron acceleration in an inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) system operating with a circularly polarized laser beam and a gradually increasing external magnetic field. The investigation focuses on the impact of wiggler characteristics, the gradient of the external magnetic field, and the laser intensity parameter on electron dynamics and energy gain. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, for both wiggler types, substantial energy transfer to the electron occurs when the system parameters including those of the laser, wiggler, and external magnetic field are optimally tuned. In the helical wiggler configuration, the electron achieves a maximum energy of approximately 2.42 GeV, whereas the planar wiggler setup results in a peak energy of about 1.85 GeV. In addition to the single-electron dynamics, the acceleration of a realistic electron bunch of N = 5×104 electrons, with Gaussian spreads in transverse position, momentum, and injection angle, was investigated for both wiggler configurations. For the electrons reaching final energies above 50
We investigate a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system for optical-wave propagation in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with Kerr nonlinearity and dispersion through sixth order. The model also includes coupling between the optical components, four-wave mixing, self-steepening, and nonlinear-dispersion terms. A proportional-field ansatz and traveling-wave transformation reduce the coupled system to an ordinary differential equation. We then apply the extended auxiliary-equation method to obtain bright- and dark-soliton families, singular solutions, and solutions expressed through Weierstrass elliptic functions. The parameter restrictions associated with the solution families are stated explicitly. Representative bright and dark solutions are illustrated through plots of the field magnitude and the real and imaginary parts of the complex envelope. These plots show a localized bright profile on a vanishing background and a traveling dark profile with a central field zero on a nonzero background. The analytical expressions provide reference solutions for further numerical investigations of higher-order dispersive propagation and nonlinear coupling in Bragg-grating models. Stability and device performance are not assessed.
In this article prism based optical biosensor is used with a key objective of detection of early-stage cancer for good health and well- being in specific cells using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. The technique adopts normal and cancerous cell types using SPR phenomena and a multilayer biosensor construction. A BK7 glass prism coated with a nanocomposite structure composed of copper (Cu), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), aluminium nitride (AIN), and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) acts as the fundamental base. The biosensor with multilayer nanocomposite configurations based on numerical simulations, performs exceptionally well in terms of “S” (sensitivity), “FOM” (figure of merit), “DA” (detection accuracy), and “FWHM” (full width half maxima) for identifying both healthy and malignant cells. Angular interrogation methodology is used to mark the variations in RI. The detection capabilities of the biosensor are greatly improved by optimizing the thicknesses of the Cu, TiO₂, AIN, and MAPbI3 layers. HeLa (cervical), Jurkat (blood), and PC12 (adrenal gland) cells are the cancer cells taken into consideration for this proposed work. The simulation process indicated maximal sensitivities of 294.62°/RIU, 312.71°/RIU, and 370.14°/RIU for these cells.
This study investigates temperature-dependent propagation and temporal reshaping of linearly and nonlinearly chirped optical pulses in a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal containing two dielectric defect layers. Using the transfer-matrix method combined with Fourier-transform analysis, we examine positive and negative chirp for short and long pulses at different carrier frequencies. The temperature-dependent defect spectrum produces measurable changes in pulse delay, transmitted energy, and average pulse duration. Between 10 °C and 70 °C, the calculated defect-mode transmission reaches a maximum of approximately 0.68 for the selected structure, while the temporal response changes from single-peak to multi-peak profiles depending on pulse duration, chirp order, chirp sign, and carrier frequency. The maximum energy of the transmitted linearly chirped pulses is approximately 0.15 and decreases exponentially with increasing pulse duration at both temperatures, whereas for the nonlinearly chirped pulses, it varies in an oscillatory manner. These results show that the combined control of temperature and chirp provides a route for tuning temporal pulse transmission in defective photonic crystals.
