ABSTRACT Objective Although identity and self‐esteem have been extensively discussed as closely interrelated core components of the self‐system, longitudinal evidence regarding their micro‐level dynamics at the daily level remains limited. The present study examined short‐term within‐person longitudinal associations between three identity states (consolidated identity, disturbed identity, and lack of identity) and self‐esteem. Method Data were collected daily over 4 days in a sample of 261 South Korean adults and analyzed using Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Models. Results Increases in self‐esteem were significantly associated with subsequent decreases in disturbed identity and lack of identity on the following day, but were not associated with changes in consolidated identity. Conversely, among the three identity states, only increases in consolidated identity were positively associated with subsequent increases in self‐esteem. Conclusion These findings reveal asymmetric prospective associations between identity and self‐esteem at the daily level, underscoring the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative identity development states.
ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated whether linguistic evaluation of personality traits—the association of trait words with good versus bad in natural language—constitutes a diffuse halo or is selectively amplified for dimensions central to social functioning. Method Using the Fill‐Mask Association Test (FMAT), the present study extracted log probability ratios (LPR) of good vs. bad from 12 BERT models across three sentence contexts for 733 personality adjectives. These LPR scores were compared with human normative ratings (valence, social desirability, and observability) and with Big Five structure derived from three independent lexical taxonomies. Results Language‐based LPR scores correlated strongly with human valence ( r = 0.926) and social desirability ( r = 0.931), but weakly with observability ( r = 0.235). Across three independent lexical taxonomies, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness exhibited larger evaluative gaps than Extraversion, which showed the smallest gap. Conclusions Linguistic evaluation is not a uniform halo but is functionally calibrated to traits relevant to social cooperation and moral obligation. The FMAT provides a scalable, reproducible tool for extracting implicit evaluative maps from language.
ABSTRACT Objective This meta‐analysis systematically examines personality development during study abroad. It aims to synthesize previously fragmented longitudinal evidence and explain mixed findings by identifying how personality change varies by students' country of origin, duration of stay, and home‐host cultural distance. Method This pre‐registered meta‐analysis synthesized 25 studies, including 40 independent samples and 184 effect sizes ( N = 5732) among diverse national and cultural contexts. Effect sizes were analyzed using a two‐level random‐effects model. Results Results indicated an overall increase in openness ( d E = 0.079), self‐evaluations and agency ( d E = 0.117), and a decrease in neuroticism ( d E = −0.145) while abroad. Baseline comparisons revealed self‐selection effects that sojourners differed from control groups before departure in all Big Five traits. Personality changes did not differ between adolescent and young adult sojourners but showed trait‐specific temporal dynamics both during and after the sojourn. Regional analyses suggested distinct change patterns across European, US, and Asian samples. Conclusions These findings show that studying abroad robustly predicts personality changes among young adults, depending on time and home‐host cultural distance. Future studies are needed to scrutinize the short‐term processes of the international experience together with specific domains of cultural distance that explain individual differences in personality change.
ABSTRACT Objective Using a pre‐registered explanatory sequential mixed method design, we examined collective continuity , which until now has been studied in populations where its transmission is assumed to occur naturally via familial and cultural engagement. We examined collective continuity among LGBTQ+ emerging adults for whom access to the culture and history of the collective is not always available. Method Study 1 In Study 1, we examined associations across three measures of collective continuity and their associations with LGBTQ+ identity and well‐being in college and community samples of emerging adults ( N = 246). Results Study 1 We found little association between the measures of collective continuity, modest associations between collective continuity and LGBTQ+ identity, and no relations between collective continuity and well‐being. Method Study 2 Given the lack of empirical overlap in measures of collective continuity, in Study 2 we employed a qualitative interview approach ( N = 8) to provide greater descriptive data on the phenomenon. Results Study 2 These analyses revealed a lack of collective continuity and highlighted unique factors that facilitate or forestall the development of collective continuity among LGBTQ+ people, distinguishing this process from other groups (e.g., ethnic and national) in important ways. Conclusion Together, these findings provide the opportunity for theoretical refinement and expansion of collective continuity.
Objective Trait self-control predicts many desirable life outcomes ranging from health to wealth. Yet, conceptual issues around the construct (e.g., how to integrate coexisting perspectives or acknowledge the variability of individual goals and dominant tendencies) seem insufficiently resolved. Here, we develop thoughts toward an integrative, multidimensional theoretical conceptualization of trait self-control comprising three dimensions: Direction (D) refers to the cognitive representation of a configuration of individual long-term goals, Proactive Regulation (P) to typical performance in planning with foresight, and Reactive Regulation (R) to typical performance in controlling present dominant thoughts, feelings, and behavioral tendencies.Method To operationalize and validate this conceptualization as a self-report scale, we developed the DPR Self-Control Scale (DPRS) across two qualitative studies (Ntotal = 100) focusing on substantive validity and four quantitative studies focusing on structural validity and external validation (Ntotal = 1918).Results The results indicate good substantive, structural, nomological, and predictive validity of the DPRS, including incremental validity with regard to established trait self-control scales.Conclusions With the DPR conceptualization of trait self-control and the DPRS, we hope to provide a solid conceptual and diagnostic foundation for further basic and applied work on trait self-control, from understanding its foundations to strengthening it through interventions.
