Finned heat sinks play a crucial role in many engineering applications, particularly in the thermal management of electronic devices. Enhancing their efficiency has been a long-standing focus of scientific research, with design optimization being a key factor in performance improvement. This study investigates the effectiveness of finned heat sinks within porous enclosure operating under natural convection by considering the combined effects of radiative nanofluids and external V-shaped wings. The enhancement process begins by attaching classic wings (FCW) to conventional fins (CF). To further boost convective heat transfer, these are replaced with V-shaped wings (FVSW). The influence of the V-shaped wings' opening angle (gamma) on thermal performance is also analyzed. In addition, the introduction of a porous medium saturated with a radiative graphene nanofluid is examined as a means to improve heat dissipation. Numerical simulations are conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics. Key parameters studied include the graphene nanoparticle concentration, Rayleigh number (10(3) <= Ra <= 10(6) ), thermal radiation parameter (0 <= R-d <= 1), Darcy number (10(-4) <= Da <= 10(2) ), fraction of graphene nanoparticles (0% <= phi <= 4%) and magnetic field strength (0 <= Ha <= 50). The results show that incorporating FCW enhances heat sink performance by 12.86% compared to CF. Replacing classic wings FVSW yields an additional 7.3% improvement. Increasing the permeability of the porous medium leads to a 67.4% gain in thermal efficiency. Moreover, a 6.6% enhancement is observed by optimizing the opening angle gamma of the V-shaped wings. Finally, thermal radiation contributes to a significant overall performance increase of 45.2%.
